不同营养配方对山茶营养生长的影响

Effects of Different Nutritional Formulas on the Vegetative Growth of Camellia japonica

【目的】以山茶幼苗为试材,研究N、P、K、有机碳肥等不同水平及配比对山茶营养生长的影响,筛选出最适于山茶基质栽培的营养配方。【方法】在山茶营养生长阶段设9个不同营养配方进行盆栽试验。【结果】营养配方T3的山茶株高、分枝数、冠幅、基部粗度、干物重、总根长等生长指标最高;T7的叶片数、根表面积等生长指标最高,其他生长指标与T3接近,差异不显著;两个营养配方的所有生长指标均显著高于T1。T3和T7植株均吸收了较多的N、P、K,其单株N、P、K的吸收量均为高水平;T3的N、K利用率均为最高水平,P利用率与平均值接近;T7的N利用率为高水平,P、K利用率与平均值接近。【结论】山茶基质栽培以高P肥∶有机碳肥=1∶2(有机无机配合施用,N∶P2O5∶K2O∶C=1.0∶1.8∶2.6∶9.3)及高K肥(无机营养配合施用,N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.0∶0.6∶4.3)为最适营养配方。

【Objective】With Camellia japonica seedlings as the test material,the effects of different levels of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,organic carbon fertilizer and other factors on the vegetative growth of Camellia were studied,and the most suitable nutritional formula for C.japonica substrate cultivation was screened out.【Method】Pot experiments were carried out with different nutritional formulas(on the basis of conventional fertilizer and organic carbon fertilizer,nine nutritional formulas with different ratios of high nitrogen,high phosphorus and high potassium were set,and controlledrelease fertilizer was used as the control)during the vegetative growth stage of C.japonica【Result】Nutritional formula T3 had the highest growth indicators such as plant height,number of branches,crown width,base thickness,dry matter weight,and total root length.Nutritional formula T7 had the highest growth indexes such as leaf number and root surface area,and other growth indexes were close to those of T3,and there was no significant difference.All growth indicators of the two nutritional formulas were significantly higher than those of T1.Plants with T3 and T7 absorbed more nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and their individual plant’s absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were all at high levels.The utilization rates of nitrogen and potassium in T3 were both at the highest level,and the utilization rate of phosphorus was close to the average.The nitrogen utilization rate of T7 was high,and the phosphorus and potassium utilization rates were close to the average.【Conclusion】The most suitable nutritional formula for the cultivation of C.japonica substrate was:high-phosphorus fertilizer∶organic carbon fertilizer=1∶2(combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer,N∶P2O5∶K2O∶C=1.0∶1.8∶2.6∶9.3)and high potassium fertilizer(combined application with inorganic nutrition,N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.0∶0.6∶4.3)..