黑膜覆盖下两种复合肥对冬作马铃薯产量和品质的影响

Effects of Two Kinds of Compound Fertilizers with Black Film Covering on Yield and Quality of Winter Potato in South China

【目的】黑膜覆盖下“一基免追”施肥模式中提高肥料利用率,既符合马铃薯养分需求规律,又可避免过量施肥带来的环境污染,促进农业可持续发展。探讨两种不同类型复合肥对冬作马铃薯产量和品质的影响,为广东冬作马铃薯轻简栽培和合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以费乌瑞它为试验材料,研究普通复合肥和缓释复合肥对广东冬作马铃薯产量、经济效益、肥料表观利用率和品质的影响。【结果】普通复合肥处理和缓释复合肥处理商品薯产量和总产量均显著高于对照,且缓释复合肥处理显著高于普通复合肥处理;普通复合肥和缓释复合肥处理的总产值和利润均高于对照,其中缓释复合肥处理成本低于普通复合肥处理,且每667 m2总产值和利润分别较普通复合肥处理高964.93、1018.93元。缓释复合肥处理氮偏生产力较普通复合肥处理高45.04 kg/kg,氮表观利用率也高于普通复合肥处理。两种复合肥处理对马铃薯块茎干物质、还原糖、可溶性糖、淀粉含量的影响不大,但可促进对钙、锌、铁的积累。施用缓释复合肥可提高马铃薯块茎Vc含量和钙含量。【结论】在南方冬作马铃薯种植中施用缓释复合肥,可增产增效、提高养分利用率、改善品质。缓释复合肥是黑膜覆盖下“一基免追”施肥模式的优选肥料。

【Objective】The fertilization pattern of one-time base fertilizer and no top dressing with black film covering,which could improve fertilizer use efficiency,not only met the law of potato nutrient demand,but also avoided environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization,but also promoted the sustainable development of agriculture.This study explored the effects of two kinds of compound fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter potato in order to provide scientific basis for simple and labor saving cultivation of winter potato and rational application of chemical fertilizer.【Method】Effects of two kinds of compound fertilizers on yield,economic benefit,fertilizer apparent utilization rate and quality of winter potato in Guangdong Province were studied with Favorlta as experimental material.【Result】The marketable tuber yield and total yield,of common compound fertilizer treatment and slow release compound fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of the control,and these two parts of slow release compound fertilizer treatment were higher than those of common compound fertilizer treatment.The total output value and net profit of common compound fertilizer treatment and slow release compound fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of the control.The costs of slow release compound fertilizer treatment were lower than those common compound fertilizer treatment,and the total output value and net profit of slow release compound fertilizer treatment were 964.93 yuan/667m2 and 1018.93 yuan/667m2 higher than those of common compound fertilizer treatment,respectively.The nitrogen partial factor productivity of the slow release compound fertilizer treatment was 45.04 kg/kg higher than that of the common compound fertilizer treatment.The apparent utilization rate was also higher than that of the common compound fertilizer treatment.There was no significant effect on thw contents of dry matter,reducing sugar,soluble sugar and starch by applying these two kinds of compound fertilizers,however,the accumulation of calcium,zinc and iron in potato could be promoted.The application of slow release compound fertilizer increased the Vc content and calcium content of potato tubers.【Conclusion】The application of slow release compound fertilizer in winter potato planting in South China could increase yield,efficiency and nutrient utilization rate and improve quality.The slow release compound fertilizer was a kind of high quality fertilizer under the fertilization pattern of one-time base fertilizer and no top dressing with black film mulching.