饲料蛋白水平对池塘养殖脊尾白虾生长、生理指标和体组成的影响

Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Growth,Physiological Indexes and Body Composition of Ridgetail White Prawn(Exopalaemon carinicauda)

【目的】探究池塘养殖脊尾白虾的饲料适宜蛋白水平。【方法】在12个长14 m×宽12 m×深1.2 m的水泥池中各放入1 kg规格接近(平均2.5 g/尾)的脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)亲本,数量400尾,雌雄各半,每3个水泥池作为一个处理,分别投喂蛋白水平为30%、34%、38%和42%的配合饲料(1#~4#饲料组)。养殖周期为4个月,测定各饲料组脊尾白虾的体质量、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、出肉率和生理生化指标。【结果】(1)各饲料组之间脊尾白虾的体质量、肝胰腺和出肉率均无显著性差异,其中2#饲料组的体质量和HSI略高于其他组。(2)各饲料组肝胰腺中谷草转氨酶(GOT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力差异显著,其中3#饲料组GOT活力最低,而2#饲料组SOD活力最高;(3)饲料中的蛋白水平对肝胰腺中灰分含量影响显著,3#饲料组显著高于1#、2#饲料组;(4)饲料蛋白水平对肌肉中粗脂肪和灰分含量存在显著影响,随着饲料中蛋白水平的增加,肌肉中粗脂肪含量呈显著下降趋势,而1#~3#饲料组肌肉中的灰分含量显著上升,其中1#饲料组的粗脂肪、3#饲料组的灰分含量最高。【结论】池塘养殖条件下脊尾白虾饲料最适蛋白水平为34%左右。

【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the optimal protein level in the feed for Exopalaemon carinicauda cultured in ponds.【Method】The experiment was carried out in 12 cement ponds(length×width×depth=14 m×12 m×1.2 m),and 1 kg of the parents of E.carinicauda with similar specifications(average:2.5 g/tail)were placed in each pond with a size of 400 tails(half male and half female).Every 3 cement ponds were set as a treatment,and then were fed with different feed containing 30%,34%,38%and 42%of protein(marked as Group 1#-4#,respectively).The breeding cycle was 4 months,and the body weight,hepatopancreas index(HSI),fillet yield,physiological and biochemical indexes of E.carinicauda of each feed group were measured.【Results】(1)There was no significant difference in body weight,HSI and fillet yield of E.carinicauda among the four feed groups.The body weight and HSI of Group 2#were slightly higher than those of the other groups.(2)The activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the hepatopancreas of each feed group were significantly different.Among them,Group 3#had the lowest GOT level and Group 2#had the highest SOD level.(3)The protein level in the feed had a significant effect on the ash content in the hepatopancreas,and the ash content of Group 3#was significantly higher than that of Group 1#and Group 2#.(4)The feed protein level had a significant effect on the crude fat content and ash content in the muscle.With the increase of the protein level in the feed,the crude fat content in the muscle showed a significant downward trend,while there was a significant increase in the ash content in the muscle of Group 1#-3#,among which the crude fat content of Group 1#and the ash content of Group 3#were the highest.【Conclusion】Under the pond culture conditions,the optimal dietary protein level for E.carinicauda was about 34%.