天津市社区老年人血脂异常状况及影响因素分析

Analysis of abnormal blood lipid status and influencing factors of elderly in Tianjin community

目的血脂异常是中老年人群常见现象,早期发现及时治疗可以降低多种心脑血管疾病发生风险。本研究分析天津市社区老年人血脂异常流行特征及影响因素。方法选取2019-04-16-2019-07-11天津市东丽区某社区6342名≥60岁常驻老年居民进行健康状况调查,分析血脂异常分布特征,采用多因素Logistic回归分析血脂异常的影响因素。结果6342名社区老年人中男性总胆固醇(t=14.372,P<0.001)、三酰甘油(t=8.497,P<0.001)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(t=5.029,P=0.008)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(t=5.262,P=0.011)低于女性。6342名社区老年人总血脂异常、高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症、混合型高脂血症和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症患病率分别为43.49%、19.28%、13.56%、8.39%和2.25%,老年人群总体血脂异常患病率随年龄增长呈下降趋势,χ2=16.131,P<0.001;其中男性血脂异常检出率为34.77%,女性为50.92%,女性高于男性,χ2=167.165,P<0.001。男性高胆固醇血症(χ2=129.062,P<0.001)、高三酰甘油血症(χ2=6.951,P=0.008)和混合型高脂血症(χ2=75.899,P<0.001)检出率均低于女性;而低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症检出率高于女性,χ2=87.695,P<0.001。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性(P=0.001)、空腹血糖升高(P=0.001)、高尿酸(P=0.001)、腹型肥胖(P=0.001)和超重(P=0.001)是老年人群血脂异常的影响因素。结论老年人血脂异常患病率较高,且存在性别和年龄差异。应加强女性、空腹血糖升高、高尿酸、腹型肥胖和体质量指数水平高的老年人血脂检测。

OBJECTIVE Dyslipidemia is a common phenomenon in middle-aged and elderly people.Early detection and timely treatment can reduce the risk of a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of dyslipidemia in the elderly in Tianjin community.METHODS A total of 6342resident elderly residents≥60years old in a community in Dongli District,Tianjin City from April 16,2019to July 11,2019were selected for health status surveys,and the distribution characteristics of dyslipidemia were analyzed.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of dyslipidemia.RESULTS The total cholesterol(t=14.372,P<0.001),triacylglycerol(t=8.497,P<0.001),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(t=5.029,P=0.008)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(t=5.262,P=0.011)of male in 6342elderly people were lower than female.The prevalence of total dyslipidemia,hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,mixed hyperlipidemia,and low-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia in 6342elderly people were 43.49%,19.28%,13.56%,8.39%and 2.25%,the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in the elderly population showed a downward trend with age,χ2=16.131,P<0.001.The detection rate of dyslipidemia was 43.49%,of which 34.77%was male,50.92%was female,χ2=167.165,P<0.001.The detection rates of hypercholesterolemia(χ2=129.062,P<0.001),hypertriglyceridemia(χ2=6.951,P=0.008)and mixed hyperlipidemia(χ2=75.899,P<0.001)of male were lower than female.Low-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than women,χ2=87.695,P<0.001.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female(P=0.001),fasting blood glucose(P=0.001),hyperuric acid(P=0.001),abdominal obesity(P=0.001)and overweight(P=0.001)were influencing factors of dyslipidemia in the elderly.CONCLUSION The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the elderly is relatively high,and there are gender and age differences.The blood lipid testing of women,elevated fasting blood glucose,high uric acid,abdominal obesity,and high-level body mass index should be strengthened.