教育阻隔贫富差距代际传递的效果与机制——基于“反事实”分解技术的实证分析

Preventing the Intergenerational Transmission of the Income Gap Between the Rich and the Poor Through Education:A Probe into the Effect and the Mechanism Based on an Empirical Study by "Counterfactual Decomposition"

2020年后,我国贫困的形式将转变为以收入差距为主要标志的相对贫困。基于中国家庭追踪调查2010年及2012年数据,运用"反事实"分解技术,检验教育对阻隔贫富差距代际传递的总体效果及具体路径与机制。实证研究结果显示,改革开放以来,教育对我国居民贫富差距的代际传递作用随着时间的推移大幅下降,并开始发挥阻隔男性贫富差距代际传递的作用;"70后"对父母一代贫富差距的继承主要受教育的需求侧效应影响,而需求侧效应的改善激发了教育对贫富差距代际传递的阻隔作用;教育的供给侧效应成为"80后"对父母贫富差距继承的主要原因;教育阻隔男性贫富差距代际传递的效果好于女性。为此,应继续加大对教育事业发展的投入水平,并通过教育的供给侧效应和需求侧效应双重路径阻隔贫富差距的代际传递。

After 2020,poverty in China will take the form of relative poverty,featured by the income gap. This study,based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) in 2010 and 2012,and "counterfactual" decomposition,examined the overall effect of education on the prevention of the intergenerational transmission of the income gap between the rich and the poor,as well as the specific approach and mechanism. The results show the following:Since the reform and opening-up in China,education has played a significantly weakened role over time in the intergenerational transmission of the income gap between the rich and the poor,and has started to function in the prevention of the intergenerational transmission of the income gap between men;those born in the 1970 s inherit the income gap from their parents due to the demand-side effect of education,the improvement of which helps prevent the intergenerational transmission of the income gap through education;those born in the 1980 s inherit the income gap from their parents due to the supply-side effect of education;and education has a better effect on men than on women in the prevention of the intergenerational transmission of the income gap. Therefore,we need to invest more in the development of education,and prevent the intergenerational transmission of the income gap through the supply-and demand-side effect of education.