孕妇孕晚期分娩恐惧现状及影响因素研究

Study on the current situation and influencing factors of pregnant women's fear of childbirth in late pregnancy

目的探讨孕晚期的孕妇分娩恐惧状况,并分析其影响因素,为产前干预的开展提供理论依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2019年6月至12月抽取在重庆市某三级甲等医院产科定期进行产前检查且符合入选标准的278名孕晚期孕妇作为研究对象。以孕妇一般资料调查问卷、分娩态度问卷为研究工具,进行问卷调查。结果孕妇分娩态度总均分为(33.58±7.27)分,处于轻度分娩恐惧水平,其中无分娩恐惧的孕妇69名,占24.82%;轻度分娩恐惧的孕妇143名,占51.44%;中度分娩恐惧的孕妇66名,占23.74%。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,孕期与配偶关系、产前教育及亲友态度对孕妇分娩方式的影响是分娩恐惧的主要影响因素。结论大多数孕妇孕晚期存在不同程度的分娩恐惧,胎儿的健康情况是引起其分娩恐惧重要的内容,且受各种来源的社会或家庭支持的影响,医疗护理需积极利用相关支持有针对性开展产前干预,以提升孕晚期孕妇的自我效能感,降低其分娩恐惧水平,实现孕期正性体验。

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of pregnant women's fear of childbirth in late pregnancy,so as to provide theoretical basis for prenatal intervention.Methods By using the convenient sampling method,the researchers took pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and were regularly checked in the obstetrics department of a 3A-level hospital in Chongqing from June 2019 to December 2019 as the research objects for data collection.The general data of pregnant women and Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire(CAQ)were used as research tools.Results The average score of CAQ was(33.58±7.27),which was at the level of mild fear of childbirth.Among them,69(24.82%)pregnant women without fear of childbirth,143(51.44%)pregnant women with mild fear of childbirth,66(23.74%)pregnant women with moderate fear of childbirth.Multiple regression analysis showed relationship between pregnancy and spouse,prenatal education,the influence of family and friends attitude on the delivery model of pregnant women were main influencing factors of fear of childbirth.Conclusion Most pregnant women in late pregnancy have different degrees of fear of childbirth.The health of the fetus is an important part of the fear of childbirth,and can be affected by various sources of social support.Medical care should use social support to improve self-efficacy of pregnant women in late pregnancy,to carry out targeted prenatal intervention to reduce their fear of childbirth.