论近代中国工业化过程中的企业资本筹集——以萍乡矿局官钱号为例

Raising Enterprise Capital and the Process of Industrialization in Modern China:The Example of the Government Silver Bureau of the Pingxiang Mine Bureau

晚清之际,萍乡矿局创建官钱号,负责矿局的资金调拨、筹措。为了弥补通货不足,该官钱号还发行一定数量的银钱票及竹筹。萍矿官钱号二十余年的运营较为成功,盈利可观。不过萍乡煤矿和汉阳铁厂的资金问题一直未能得到解决,虽然改组为汉冶萍公司,但仍然过度依赖举借外债。萍矿官钱号最终倒闭,不过其开创了近代企业通过设置金融机构募集资金的先例。而官钱号这一筹集资本的形式,虽与现代银行存在一定差异,却具有从传统走向现代的过渡性质。

After the establishment of the Pingxiang Mine Bureau,a Government Silver Bureau (官银号),was created to transfer funds and raise capital for the enterprise.Additionally,the Government Silver Bureau also issued a certain amount of silver certificates (银钱票) and bamboo tallies (竹筹).The Bureau was profitable and performed quite well.Later the Han-yang Steel Factory,the Daye Iron Ore and the Pingxiang Mine Bureau were merged into the Hanyeping Company,while the financial problems of the Pingxiang Mine Bureau and the Han-yang Steel Factory remained unresolved.After the 1911 revolution,the Pingxiang Mine Bureau and the Hanyeping Company successively lost autonomy and were trapped in increasingly heavier foreign debt.The Pingxiang Government Silver Bureau set a precedent for the joint development of a modern enterprise and financial institution.Although the methods the Government Silver Bureau differed somewhat from those of modern banks,these methods embodied the nature of a transition from traditional to modern.