源于天然产物或其衍生物的分子靶向抗肿瘤药物研究进展

Progress in molecularly targeted anti-tumor drugs derived from natural products or their derivatives

传统化疗药物、分子靶向药物和肿瘤免疫药物是目前用于肿瘤临床治疗的3类主要抗肿瘤药物。分子靶向抗肿瘤药物在分子水平上特异靶向在肿瘤细胞发生发展过程中的关键蛋白、基因或信号转导通路,从而选择性地杀伤肿瘤细胞或抑制其生长,具有选择性高、毒副作用小的特点,是目前抗肿瘤药物研究与开发的一个主流方向之一。天然产物是指动物、植物和微生物体内的化学成分或其代谢产物,其作为药物发现的一个重要来源,具有来源丰富和结构新颖多样的特点,目前已有多个来源于天然产物或其衍生物的分子靶向抗肿瘤药物用于肿瘤治疗或处于临床试验阶段。本文按照作用靶标分类对来源于天然产物或其衍生物的分子靶向抗肿瘤药物进行总结,并对各类药物的分子作用机制、研究进展和展望进行概述。

Conventional chemotherapy drugs, molecularly targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are the major constituents of anti-tumor drugs in clinical settings at present. Molecularly targeted drugs specifically target the key proteins, genes, or signal transduction pathways in tumor cells which are essential for initiation and development of tumor, resulting in selective activity to induce cell death or growth inhibition. Molecularly targeted drugs have emerged as the mainstream in the research and development of anti-tumor drugs due to its high selectivity and low toxicity. Natural products refer to the chemical constituents or metabolites originated animals,plants, or microorganisms, which have been recognized as one of the important sources of drug discovery with abundant resources and diversified structures. At present, a number of molecularly targeted anti-tumor drugs derived from natural products or their derivatives have been approved for cancer therapy or in clinical trials. This review will summarize the molecularly targeted anti-tumor drugs derived from natural products or their derivatives according to their different cellular targets, and also outline the molecular mechanism, progress, and perspectives of these drugs.