基于细分行业的安徽省创新型企业集聚研究

Spatial patterns and influencing factors of innovative enterprises in Anhui Province based on subdivision industry

创新型企业作为塑造创新地理格局的重要力量,其区位选择的外部特征及内在机理亟须予以系统化研究。基于对安徽省创新型企业的细分行业与空间建库,采用核密度估计和地理探测器等方法,对细分行业下的创新型企业空间集聚特征及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:(1)安徽省创新型企业类型以先进制造和自动化为主,并以生物与新医药、新材料、电子信息为辅;(2)创新型企业空间集聚的不均衡特征显著,呈现出"一核一带多节点"的集聚分布特征,且合肥、芜湖是两个重要集聚区;不同细分行业视角下创新型企业的空间分布形态各异,可归纳为点-轴式、极核式、双核式及多核分散式等4种空间组织形态。(3)创新型因子对于创新型企业的空间集聚最为重要,但传统型和政策型因子的重要性仍不容忽视。其中,产业基础、人力资本、创新投入是最核心的因素,但各行业创新型企业的影响因素作用力则表现出一定的异质性。

As an important force in shaping the pattern of innovative geography,the external characteristics and internal mechanisms of the spatial distribution of innovative enterprises need to be studied in depth.Firstly,we screened,classified and built spatial database for innovative enterprises in Anhui Province;Then we applied kernel density estimation and geographical detector methods as well as the aided of ArcGIS,this paper systematically discussed the spatial agglomeration patterns and agglomeration factors of innovative enterprises.The results are as follows:(1)The main types of innovative enterprises in Anhui province are those of advanced manufacturing and automation,then biology and new medicine,new material and electronic information industries also own a large scale.(2)The spatial distribution of innovative enterprises is significantly unbalanced,showing the spatial distribution characteristics of"one core,one belt and multiple nodes",and Hefei and Wuhu are two important agglomeration areas.Different types of innovative enterprises are diversified in distribution,which include four patterns,namely pointaxis,polar-core,dual-core and multi-core decentralization.(3)Innovative factors mean a lot for the spatial agglomeration of innovative enterprises,while traditional factors and policy-oriented factors also really matters.Above all,industrial foundation,human capital and innovation investment are three foremost influencing factors,whereas the influencing factors of innovative enterprises in different industries show some heterogeneous characteristics.