兰州市城区孕妇膳食营养状况调查

Investigation and analysis of dietary intake and nutritional status of pregnant women in Lanzhou City

目的调查兰州市城区孕妇不同孕期食物和营养素摄入情况(包括营养补充剂),分析针对该人群孕期营养保健策略,为提升区域性孕期营养保健服务质量提供参考。方法以确定并自愿接受调查的近两年在兰州市三级甲等妇幼专科医院门诊建卡孕妇为研究对象;连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法收集孕妇的膳食摄入资料,分析其主要食物摄入频率及关键营养素摄入情况。与中国居民DRIS (2013版)推荐的相应标准进行综合比较分析。结果调查对象整个孕期膳食食物中,主要食物最高摄食频率依次为粮谷类和蔬菜类均为3次/d,水果类、奶类及豆类在7次/周以上,水产品13~15次/月,同时发现蔬菜类、豆类及水产品类最高摄食频率者占总调查人群数的比例最低;各类食物摄入量存在明显的季节性差异,最突出的是水果类和鱼虾类夏秋季明显多于冬春季;孕妇各孕期营养素摄入植物性来源均高于动物性来源;不同孕期能量、蛋白质、维生素D、钙以及铁的摄入程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论兰州市城区孕妇膳食结构以粮谷类和蔬菜类为主,且水果摄入量季节性差异最为明显,同时奶制品、豆类摄入较少。孕妇整个孕期内叶酸的摄入以及孕中期和孕晚期蛋白质和钙元素摄入存在摄入不足风险或相对摄入量偏低。提示该人群孕期营养保健工作应加强膳食营养指导的个体化、全程性及动态性。

Objective To investigate the food and nutrient intake (including nutritional supplements) of pregnant women in Lanzhou City during different periods of pregnancy,analyze nutrition and health care strategies of pregnant women,provide reference for improving and correcting the quality of regional nutrition and health care services during pregnancy. Methods Pregnant women who have been established in the outpatient clinic of the third-grade women’s and children’s hospitals in Lanzhou City in the past two years and who have confirmed and voluntarily accepted the survey are selected as research subjects;The dietary intake data of pregnant women were collected through a three-day,24-hour dietary review method,The food frequency questionnaire collected information on the main food intake frequency of pregnant women in the past 3 months,and to analysis its main food intake frequency and key nutrient intake. Then comprehensive comparative analysis with the corresponding standards recommended by Chinese resident DRIS (2013 edition). Results In the whole diet of pregnant women,the highest food intake frequency of the main foods was 3 times/day for grain and vegetables,7 times/week for fruit,milk,and beans,and 13-15 times/month for aquatic products. found that the highest frequency of vegetables,beans and aquatic products accounted for the lowest proportion of the total number of people surveyed;There are obvious seasonal differences in the intake of various types of foods. The most prominent is that fruits and fish and shrimps are significantly more in summer and autumn than in winter and spring;The vegetative sources of nutrient intake in pregnant women in Lanzhou City were higher than those in animal sources;There were significant differences in the intake of energy,protein,VD,calcium and iron in different pregnancy periods (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The dietary structure of pregnant women in Lanzhou City is dominated by cereals and vegetables,and the seasonal difference in fruit intake is most obvious,while the intake of dairy products and beans is less. The intake of folic acid during the whole pregnancy period and the intake of protein and calcium in the second trimester and the third trimester were lower than the risk of insufficient intake or relative intake. It is suggested that the nutrition and health care work of the population during pregnancy should strengthen individualization,whole process and dynamics of dietary nutrition guidance.