成人体检人群听力筛查结果分析

Analysis of hearing screening results in adult health check-up population

目的:获得健康体检人群的听力健康状况,分析影响成人听力健康的可能因素,为听力损失的预防提供临床数据支持。方法:采用主客观结合的检测方案,使用成人听力障碍筛查量表(HHIA-S)进行听力健康状况自评,使用电耳镜检查和纯音听力筛查进行耳科及听力学检查。采用SPSS 25.0统计学软件对结果进行单因素方差分析。结果:(1)问卷调查:3704例受试者完成HHIA-S自评问卷,29例(0.8%)受试者报告日常生活中存在聆听困难情况。(2)听力筛查:1264例受试者未通过听力筛查,其中男936例,女328例。33.5%自评听力正常者未通过听力筛查,全部自评听力异常者均未通过听力筛查。(3)影响因素分析:年龄、性别、血压、空腹血糖、BMI显著影响受试者的听力筛查通过率,其中年轻受试者通过率高于年长者,女性受试者通过率高于男性,血压、空腹血糖、BMI正常受试者通过率高于异常者。结论:增龄、血压、空腹血糖、BMI异常均可对听力健康产生潜在风险,因此在成人群体中开展听力筛查具有现实意义。上述指标异常人群,更应密切关注听力状况、定期进行听力监测。

Objective:To obtain incidence of hearing loss and the influence factors in adult health check-up population,and to provide supporting information for the prevention of hearing loss.Method:Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Adult-screening(HHIA-S),electro-otoscopy and pure tone test were used to evaluate subjects’hearing health condition.SPSS 25.0 software was used to perform one-way ANOVA on the results.Result:(1)HHIA-S questionnaire results:3704 subjects completed the questionnaire,29 subjects(0.8%)were reported hearing difficulties in daily life.(2)Hearing screening results:1264 subjects failed to pass the hearing screening,including 936 male and 328 female subjects.33.5%subjects with noramlself-rated hearing failed to pass the hearing screening test,and all the patients with abnormal self-rated hearing did not pass the hearing screening.(3)The passing rate of hearing screening was significantly affected by gender,age,BMI,blood pressure and plasma glucose.The passing rate of hearing screening was higher in female than that in male,in younger than that in elder,in subjects with normal blood pressure,plasma glucose and BMI than those with abnormal above conditions.Conclusion:Aging,abnormal blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose and BMI may have potential risks on hearing health.Therefore,it is of practical significance to carry out hearing screening in adult population.For those adults with abnormal indexes,they should pay close attention to their hearing condition status and monitor their hearing regularly.