2015~2018年聊城市市售淡水鱼中Cu等6种元素污染现状及健康风险评价

Pollution status of Cu and other 5 elements and health risk assessment of commercial freshwater fish,Liaocheng city,2015-2018

目的了解聊城市市售淡水鱼中Cu等元素污染现状,评价其健康风险。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和直接测汞仪法测定2015~2018年食品安全风险监测项目采集的淡水鱼样品中Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg 6种元素含量。通过与食品中污染物限量标准比较、计算单因子污染指数、综合污染指数和健康风险评估指数来评价聊城市售淡水鱼中6种元素对人体产生的健康风险。结果2015~2018年抽检的155份淡水鱼样品中,均受到不同程度的元素污染,其中As、Hg超标率分别为24.52%(38/155)、0.80%(1/125),其他元素均未超标。砷的单因子污染指数为0.77,处于中度污染水平,其他元素单因子污染指数均<0.20,处于正常背景值水平;杂类鱼和黑鱼综合污染指数分别为1.22和0.97,处于重度污染水平,其他鱼类处于中度污染水平和轻度污染水平,污染水平由高到低依次为杂类鱼>黑鱼>鲫鱼>鲢鱼>鲤鱼>草鱼;元素健康风险评估显示,聊城市居民淡水鱼类每周实际元素摄入量占PTWI比均<2%,健康风险处于较低水平。结论聊城市淡水鱼类中Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg 6种元素总体污染程度较低,长期食用不会对人体健康构成明显危害。

Objective To understand the status of several metal residues in some freshwater fishes sold in Liaocheng city,and evaluate the health risk.Methods The contents of Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr,As and Hg in freshwater fish samples collected in food safety risk monitoring project from 2015 to 2018 were determined by ICP-MS and direct mercury meter.By comparing with the limit standard of pollutants in food,calculating single factor pollution index,comprehensive pollution index and health risk assessment index,the health risks of 6 elements in freshwater fish sold in Liaocheng city were evaluated.Results All the 155 freshwater fish samples sampled from 2015 to 2018 were polluted by elements to varying degrees,among which the over-standard rates of As and Hg were 24.52%(38/155)and 0.80%(1/125),respectively,and other elements were not over-standard.The single factor pollution index method of heavy metals found that As was in a moderate pollution level.According to the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals,black fish and other fishes were in the level of heavy pollution,while other fishes were in the level of medium pollution and light pollution.The exposed pollution of freshwater fish in order of degrees from high to low was miscellaneous fish>black fish>crucian carp>silver carp>carp>grass carp.The risk assessment of heavy metal exposure showed that the exposure risk of freshwater fish in Liaocheng city was at a low level.Conclusion The pollution status of several fishes sold in Liaocheng city is in a lower level,long-term consumption will not cause obvious harm to human health.