机床结构轻量化设计研究进展

Research Progress on Lightweight Design of Machine Tool Structure

对机床进行优化的结构构型设计,使得材料在机床结构空间内更加合理地分布和有效地利用,一直都是机床设计工作者追求探索的目标。论述机床构型和结构件轻量化设计的研究历程和技术发展,对机床结构轻量化设计中常用的现代设计方法:参数优化、结构拓扑优化、多方法综合结构设计、仿生优化设计方法进行具体技术介绍和综合评述,并对近年兴起的仿生优化设计方法进行从方法、实现手段和轻量化效果等方面重点分析和评述,对机床构型和结构件轻量化设计研究的未来发展提出展望。

The optimized design of the machine tool structure, which makes the material more rationally distributed and effectively utilized in the machine tool structure space, has always been the pursuit goal of the machine tool design workers in the structural design. In this paper, the modern design methods commonly used in the machine tool structure are reviewed comprehensively for lightweight design. The parameter optimization, structural topology optimization, empirical design and optimization combined method, and bionic optimization design method are analyzed one by one. The research history and technical development of lightweight are discussed with the design examples of machine tool structural parts. The bionic optimization methods, which has emerged in recent years, are also provided and analyzed from the methods, implementation and lightweight effects. Moreover, several suggestions are included according to the latest development of structural lightweight design.