肌酸类运动营养补充剂的发展现状

Development status of creatine sports nutrition supplement

肌酸(creatine)是脊椎动物体内自然存在的一种含氮类有机酸。补充肌酸能够通过调节体内磷酸肌酸水解、糖代谢和蛋白表达等方式来增加糖原的储存、提高ATP的生成、增强肌细胞的酸碱缓冲能力以及刺激肌细胞增殖,从而能够预防运动损伤、改善运动表现、提升训练适应性和加快运动后康复。对于从事剧烈运动训练的高水平运动员而言,需要每天摄入5~10g肌酸以维持最佳的全身肌酸储备量,从而保持最佳的运动和训练效果。本文详细综述了肌酸的作用机制、补充肌酸对运动能力的影响、补充肌酸的安全性以及肌酸类运动营养补充剂的使用人群、产品种类、补充策略和相关标准法规等,并对我国未来肌酸类运动营养补充剂的发展方向进行展望。

Creatine is a nitrogen-containing organic acid that naturally occurs in vertebrates. Creatine supple mentation can increase glycogen storage and ATP production, enhance muscle cell acid-base buffering capacity, and stimulate muscle cell proliferation by regulating phosphocreatine phosphate hydrolysis, sugar metabolism, and protein expression. Therefore, creatine supplementation can prevent sports injuries, improve sports performance, improve training adaptability and speed up rehabilitation after sports. For high-level athletes engaged in vigorous sports training, it is necessary to ingest 5–10 g of creatine per day in order to maintain the best total body creatine reserves and thus maintain the best exercise and training results. This article reviewed in detail the mechanism of creatine, the effect of creatine supplementation on exercise performance, the safety of supplementation of creatine, the user population of creatine sports nutrition supplements, product types, supplementation strategies, and relevant standards and regulations, and prospected the development direction of creatine sports nutritional supplements in China in the future.