创新价值链视角下中国高校科技创新效率评价

Evaluation on the Efficiency of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Chinese Universities from the Perspective of Innovation Value Chain

基于创新价值链视角,将高校科技创新分为知识创新阶段、科研创新阶段和创新收益阶段。运用超效率SBM模型分析2005—2017年中国29个省(区、市)高校科技创新效率,进而以北部综合经济区、黄河中游综合经济区和中国整体为例,分析其三阶段效率演化动态趋势。研究发现:(1)中国高校科技创新各阶段效率及总体效率偏低,且创新效率高的省份与效率低的省份差距愈来愈大;(2)各阶段中,知识创新效率>科研创新效率>创新收益效率;(3)区域间高校科技创新效率存在明显的阶段性和差异性,黄河中游、东部沿海、长江中游等综合经济区知识创新阶段创新效率较高,东部沿海、南部沿海和北部沿海等综合经济区科研创新阶段创新效率较高,南部沿海、北部沿海等综合经济区创新收益阶段创新效率较高。针对现阶段中国高校在科技创新过程中存在的不足问题,提出要做到以下几点:加大政府财政支出中科教的比重,缩短专利申请授权周期,降低创新收益税率,实现价值链间各创新活动的有效衔接,加强区域间创新活动交流。

Based on the perspective of innovation value chain,this paper divides scientific and technological innovation in universities into knowledge innovation stage,scientific research innovation stage,and getting benefit from innovation stage,analyzes the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in universities in 29 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)of China from 2005 to 2017 by using the super-efficiency SBM model,and then takes the Northern Comprehensive Economic Zone,the Middle Yellow River Comprehensive Economic Zone and the whole China as examples to analyze the three-stage efficiency dynamics trend in evolution.The study reveals that:(1)In Chinese universities,the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in each stage and the overall efficiency is low,and the gap between the provinces with high innovation efficiency and the province with low efficiency is increasing.(2)In each stage,the efficiency of knowledge innovation excess the efficiency of scientific research innovation and excess the efficiency of getting benefits from innovation.(3)There are obvious phases and differences in the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation among universities in different regions,the comprehensive economic zones such as the middle reaches of the Yellow River,the eastern coast,and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have higher stages of knowledge innovation,and the efficiency of scientific research and innovation in comprehensive economic zones such as the eastern,southern and northern coastal areas is relatively high;in the meantime,there are higher innovation efficiency in the stage of innovation income in comprehensive economic zones such as southern and northern coastal areas.In view of the shortcomings of Chinese universities in the process of scientific and technological innovation at present,the following points should be achieved:increasing the proportion of science and education in government financial expenditure,shortening the patent application authorization cycle,reducing the tax rate of innovation income,realizing the effective connection of innovation activities among value chains,and strengthening the exchange of innovation activities among regions.