基于碳纳米管的三维多孔骨组织工程支架材料研究

Study on three-dimensional porous bone tissue engineering scaffold materials based on carbon nanotubes

目的探讨碳纳米管地三维多孔骨组织工程支架材料制备方法及具体临床效果。方法首先制备CNTs/PLA/CHI碳纳米管(CNTs)/聚乳酸(PLA)/甲壳素(CHI)三维多孔支架材料,然后对材料亲水性表征及动物实验效果进行观察。应用SPSS 20.0统计软件分析。结果(1)甲壳素纤维的亲水性理想,可将复合材料的亲水性显著改善。对于本研究所使用的几种材料,唯有聚乳酸(PLA)/碳纤维(CF)复合材料亲水性最佳。与未含碳纳米管的对照组比较,加入少量的碳纳米管地low组的亲水性要显著降低,然而随着复合材料中所加入的碳纳米管(CNTs)逐渐增多,材料亲水性也稍增强。但是材料亲水性与是否交联无显著关系。当CNTs添加至PLA/CF复合材料中,会使得复合材料亲水性显著下降。当CNTs水平逐渐增大时,复合材料的亲水性能则出现一定的增强。(2)经X线片检查,各组术后骨缺损移植地人工骨材料均未发生移位以及断裂现象。在第4周时,实验组桡骨缺损区域能够发现存在非常明显的骨生成影像,呈现云雾状,且均匀分布于骨缺损区域,骨密度水平非常低,存在大量孔隙;第8周时,经X线检查,显示植入体已与缺损断端骨性愈合,骨缺损部位的骨密度水平显著增大,新骨阴影非常显著,有成骨出现,但皮质骨连续性较差;第12周时,实验组CNTs中剂量组以及高剂量组均显示,植入体已与骨缺损部位断端骨性愈合,皮质骨连续性比较理想,髓腔畅通性较好。4种不同含量的CNTs复合材料组中,随着CNTs含量逐渐增多,骨缺损愈合程度逐渐加大。(3)随着CNTs含量的逐渐增加,骨密度水平显著增大,低含量组、中等含量组与高含量组骨密度均分别显著高于对照组(低含量:4周:P<0.01;中等含量:4周:P<0.01,8周:P<0.01,12周:P<0.01;高含量:4周:P<0.01,8周:P<0.01,12周:P<0.01),同组各时间节点骨密度水平两两均存在差异,有统计学意义(低含量:4周比8周:P<0.01,4周比12周:P<0.01,8周比12周:P<0.01;中等含量:4周比8周:P<0.01,4周比12周:P<0.01,8周比12周:P<0.01;高含量:4周比8周:P<0.01,4周比12周:P<0.01,8周比12周:P<0.01)。结论碳纳米管可有效促进新骨生成.

Objective To investigate the preparation method and specific clinical effect of three-dimensional porous bone tissue engineering scaffold materials for carbon nanotubes.Methods Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)/polylactic acid(PLA)/chitin(CHI)3d porous scaffolds were prepared and then hydrophilic characterization and animal experiments were observed.Results(1)the hydrophilicity of chitin fiber is very ideal,and the hydrophilicity of composite material can be significantly improved.For several materials used in this study,only polylactic acid(PLA)/carbon fiber(CF)composite material has the best hydrophilicity.Compared with the control group without carbon nanotubes,the hydrophilicity of the low group with a small amount of carbon nanotubes was significantly reduced,while the hydrophilicity of the material was slightly enhanced with the addition of ccarbon nanotubes(CNTs)in the composite gradually increased.However,there was no significant relationship between hydrophilicity and crosslinking.When CNTs were added to the PLA/CF composite,the hydrophilicity of the composite decreased significantly.When the level of CNTs increased gradually,the hydrophilicity of composites increased to some extent.(2)after X-ray examination,the artificial bone materials of bone defect grafts in each group did not shift or break.At 4 weeks,obvious bone formation images could be found in the radius defect area of the experimental group,presenting a fog-like appearance and evenly distributed in the bone defect area.The bone density level was very low and there were a lot of gaps.At 8 weeks,X-ray examination showed that the implant had osseously healed with the defect.The bone density level at the bone defect site increased significantly,and the new bone shadow was very significant.There was osteogenesis,but the continuity of cortical bone was poor.At 12 weeks,both the medium dose group and the high dose group of CNTs in the experimental group showed that the implant had healed osseously with the broken end of the bone defect,the continuity of cortical bone was ideal,and the medullary cavity was good.In the four groups of CNTs composite materials with different contents,the degree of bone defect healing gradually increased with the content of CNTs gradually increased.(3)with the gradual increase of the content of CNTs,the bone mineral density level increased significantly.The bone mineral density of the low-content group,the medium-content group and the high-content group were significantly higher than that of the control group(all P<0.05),and there were significant statistical differences in bone mineral density level at each time node in the same group(all P<0.05).Conclusion Carbon nanotubes can effectively promote the formation of new bone,which is of great value for clinical application.