中国流动人口基本公共卫生服务:现状及因素分析

Basic Public Health Services for Floating Population in China:Current Situation and Factor Analysis

基本公共卫生服务是中国深化医疗卫生体制改革、推进"健康中国"战略的重大制度安排。人口流动是当前公共卫生服务体系极为关键但却最为薄弱的环节。本文结合2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,系统阐述公共卫生服务体系的发展现状,并基于Probit模型识别影响流动人口获得公共卫生服务的因素。研究发现:中国流动人口卫生服务项目知晓率仅六成左右,健康档案建档率尚不足三成,接受过健康教育的比例超过八成,但职业病防治、结核病防治以及突发公共卫生事件自救等教育的普及率偏低。不仅如此,中国流动人口公共卫生服务发展不平衡现象仍比较突出。因此,应深化公共卫生服务体系改革,提高流动人口群体公共卫生服务的可及性。同时,精准识别、瞄准公共卫生服务的边缘群体,注重因人、因时、因地制宜,分阶段、分类型、有侧重地推进公共卫生服务均等化发展进程。

Basic public health service is an important institutional arrangement for deepening the reform of medical system and promoting the strategy of"healthy China".Large scale and cross regional population flow is the most critical but weak part in the current public health service system.This paper systematically describes the development of public health service system,and identifies the factors that affect the floating population’s access to public health services employing the probit model,using the data collected from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2017.This paper finds that the awareness rate of health service items of floating population is only about 60%,the filing rate of health records is less than 30%,and the proportion of health education is more than 80%,but the popularity rate of education contents such as occupational disease control,tuberculosis control and public health emergency self rescue is low.Besides,the development of public health services for floating populationis unbalanced.Therefore,we should deepen the reform of the public health service system and improve the accessibility of the public health service for the floating population.Meanwhile,we should accurately identify and target the vulnerable groups in public health services,and focus on promoting the equalization development process of public health service.