承诺的内涵、影响因素及在说谎中的作用

Connotation of promise and its influencing factors and roles in lying

承诺通常指说话者对未来行动的许诺,做出承诺后,说话者有责任和义务确保行为的实现。目前承诺常见的研究范式包括故事讲述范式、抵制诱惑范式和玩具破坏范式。儿童承诺发展特征的相关研究主要集中在对承诺概念的理解、对承诺行为的判断和对承诺事件的履行三方面。提问的类型、请求者的身份、儿童道德发展水平和儿童自身的动机等因素都可能对承诺产生影响。承诺在儿童为隐瞒自身或他人违规行为而产生的说谎行为中发挥重要作用。未来对儿童承诺的研究可缩小与现实情境的差异,扩大研究范围,探讨承诺的道德性并充分发挥其积极作用。

Promises express commitments to future actions,and the speaker has the responsibility and the obligation to ensure the realization of the act.At present,the research paradigms for promises include storytelling,resisting temptation and breaking the toy.The related researches on the development characteristics of promises mainly focus on the understanding of the concept of promises,the judgment of the behavior of promises,and fulfillment of promises.The promises may be influenced by the type of question,the identity of the requester,children's moral development level and motivation.Promise plays an important role in children's lies to conceal their own or others'transgressions.In the future,we should narrow the difference between the experimental situation and the real situation,enlarge the scope of the research,explore the moral character of promises,and give full play to its positive effects.