煤层采动覆岩破坏规律与控制技术研究进展

Research progress of mining overlying stratas failure law and control technology

采动覆岩破坏规律与控制技术是煤矿安全生产、地表防护、地下水资源保护的重要基础。从水体下采煤视角,重点介绍了采动覆岩破坏规律和控制技术的发展现状及最新研究成果。包括采动覆岩破坏结构演化及破坏特征,覆岩破坏类型及形态,覆岩破坏发育规律及预计方法,重点论述了不同开采工艺和特殊地质以及高强度开采条件下的覆岩破坏规律及预计方法;介绍了覆岩破坏实测方法,表明探测手段已由传统的单一技术向着钻探和物探多手段结合,地面和井下相结合,传统手段与微震监测,微电阻率扫描,光纤测试等新技术专业解释相结合等方向发展;从三下采煤角度阐述了覆岩破坏控制技术的进展。研究与实践表明:经过近60年的研究与实践,我国已经形成了较为完整的采动覆岩破坏与控制体系,为煤矿安全、高效、绿色开采提供了可靠的技术保障。最后,提出了采动覆岩破坏规律和控制技术的未来发展趋势。研究认为我国深部矿井、高强度开采、西部特殊地质条件,低损害以及智能化等将成为未来采动覆岩破坏及控制技术研究领域的焦点和发展方向。

The law of overlying stratas failure caused by mining and control technology is an important foundation for coal mine safety production,surface protection,and groundwater resources protection.From the point of view of coal mining under water,this paper focuses on the development status and latest research results of overlying stratas failure law and control technology,including the evolution and failure characteristics of the overlying stratas failure structure due to mining,the types and forms of overlying stratas failure,the development law and prediction method of overlying stratas failure,focusing on the overlying stratas failure law and prediction under different mining techniques,special geology and high-intensity mining methods.The actual measurement method of overlying stratas failure was intoduced,which shows that the detection method has changed from the traditional single technology to the combination of drilling and geophysical exploration,the combination of surface and underground,traditional methods and microseismic monitoring,micro-resistivity scanning,optical fiber testing and other new technologies.The progress of overlying stratas failure control technology was also explained from the perspective of three-under coal mining.Research and practice show that after decades of research and practice,China has formed a relatively complete overlying stratas failure and control system,which provides a reliable technical guarantee for safe,efficient and green mining of coal mines.Finally,the future development trend of overlying stratas failure rules and control technology are proposed.It is concluded that deep mines,high-intensity mining,special geological conditions,low damage and intelligence in Western China will become the focus and development direction of the future overlying stratas failure and control technology research field.