我国轻微刑事案件出罪模式的现状及其完善

The Current Situation and Improvement of Decriminalization Pattern in Minor Criminal Cases

实践中,轻微刑事案件存在三种出罪模式,即实体法出罪模式、庭前程序出罪模式和审判程序出罪模式。其中,实体法出罪模式主要通过“但书”实现,适用过程中存在误用、混用和滥用现象;庭前程序出罪模式因裹挟办案机关的利益而适用率较低;审判程序出罪模式则更是几乎处于休眠状态。为改变此种现状,宜从刑事一体化的角度出发,构建阶层化的出罪体系:通过完善立法规定实现第一层级的出罪;通过谦抑追诉实现第二层级的出罪;通过激活无罪裁判实现第三层级的出罪;通过强化理论供给实现第四层级的出罪。

In practice,there are three modes of decriminalization in minor criminal cases:substantive law decriminalization,pretrial procedure decriminalization and trial procedure decriminalization.Among them,the mode of substantive law decriminalization is mainly realized by"provisos",and there are misuse,mixed use and abuse in the application process.The application rate of the decriminalization model in pre-court procedure is low because of the benefit of the case handling organ.The mode of trial procedure is almost dormant.In order to change this situation,it is advisable to construct a hierarchical system of decriminalization system of exoneration from the perspective of criminal integration.The first level of incrimination can be realized by perfecting the Legislative Provisions,the second level by restraining prosecution,the third level by activating the judgment of innocence,and the fourth level by strengthening the theoretical supply.