理论语言学对病理语言学的贡献

A Review of the Contributions of Theoretical Linguistics to Pathologic Linguistics

病理语言学是以研究语言能力受损为核心任务、跨众多学科领域的一门交叉学科。研究对象不仅包括语言障碍,也包括语言传递过程中产生的各种损伤。病理语言学一个重要发展趋势是理论语言学的研究成果越来越受到重视。本文借助一系列临床案例,重点阐释理论语言学的成果在以下四方面的应用:(1)依据索绪尔语言理论,区分了语言障碍和言语障碍;(2)基于语言是否模块化的观点,提出领域特殊论和领域一般论两大假说;(3)语言样本分析成为障碍评估的“黄金标准”;(4)语言学知识指导语言干预的顺序和具体操作。这些成果既有语音、句法、语义和语用等各个具体层面的研究,也有涉及当代语言学基本议题的研究。目前病理语言学的语言学学科基础仍然薄弱,需要大量语言学背景的研究人员参与,加快学科交叉发展的速度。

Pathologic linguistics is an interdisciplinary fi eld with a focus on the study of language impairment and various kinds of damages in the process of language transmission.Despite its late start in China,pathologic linguistics has been developing rapidly in China.In recent years,the rapid development of pathologic linguistics at home and abroad shows that one of the important trends of this discipline is that theoretical linguistics is receiving an increasing attention and fi ndings of theoretical linguistics are being applied to pathologic linguistics.This study provides a review of the contributions of theoretical linguistics to pathologic linguistics.With the aid of various clinical cases,the review demonstrates the application of theoretical linguistics in the description,interpretation,assessment and intervention of language impairments.These achievements include not only phonetic,syntactic,semantic and pragmatic studies,but also studies on the basic issues of contemporary linguistics.Given the weak linguistic foundation of pathologic linguistics and an accelerating integration of linguistics and other disciplines,this study argues that a large number of researchers with linguistic background are needed to speed up the interdisciplinary development of pathologic linguistics.