基于“人-地”关系的传统村落空间特征解析--以闽南盆地型宗族聚落为例

Analysis on Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Villages Based on the Relati on ship between Human and Land:A Case Study of the Clan Settlement of Minnan Basin Type

快速城镇化过程中,乡村建设热潮不断加剧的同时也暴露出村镇本底资源不清、乡村建设盲目照搬城市做法等问题。人和地是乡村聚落发展的关键因素,不同历史阶段的人地关系影响下乡村聚落表现出不同的空间特征。文章以"人-地"两者之间的关系为落脚点,探讨土地权属变更下闽南盆地型聚落的社会与空间演变规律。通过研究发现,土地制度变迁后的聚落社会结构呈现多元化:生活空间由线性拓展向多点放射性拓展再到填充式拓展演变;居住单元由大型集合住宅向小型集合住宅再到独户住宅演变;生产空间由扩张到收缩再到转移演变。文章认为政策是闽南盆地型聚落衍变的外驱,村民的社会需求是内核,在衍变的过程中聚落始终保持着"山-水-田-宅"的传统格局。

In the process of rapid urbanization,the upsurge of rural construction is constantly intensified,through which a series of problems have been exposed:the unclear background resources of villages and towns,the blind copying of urban practices by rural construction,etc.Human and land are the key factors in the development of rural settlements.Under the influence of the relationship between human and land in different historical stages,rural settlements have shown different spatial characteristics.Based on the relationship between human and land,this paper discusses the social and spatial evolution of Minnan basin settlements under the change of land ownership.The results show that the social structure of the settlements is diversified after the change of land system.The expansion of living space developed from"liner"to"multi-point radioactive"and then,"filled"expansion.The housing of residential space evolved from"large collective"to"small collective"and then,to"single-household";the scale of production space evolves from expansion to contraction then to transfer.The paper puts forward the conclusion that the policy is the external driving of Minnan basin settlement while the social demand of villagers is the internal core;the settlement itself has always maintained the traditional pattern in which mountain,water,field and house are interacting with each other in the process of evolution.