广元市2012~2014年城市饮用水源地中重金属健康风险初步评估

Preliminary Assessment of Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Urban Drinking Water Source of Guangyuan City from 2012~2014

为对广元市2012~2014年不同类型的水源地进行健康风险初步评估,应用美国环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的环境健康风险评价模型对广元市城市饮用水源地中重金属有毒有害物质进行了调查分析。结果表明:南河东坝水厂断面、嘉陵城北水厂断面、南河水厂断面和嘉陵西湾水厂断面的9种重金属的平均浓度范围均能达到国家地表水和地下水环境质量标准;该研究区域中非致癌物重金属(Fe、Mn、Zn、Hg、Pb、Cu)在4个不同时期人群中(幼儿、青少年、成年人、老年人)引起的总健康风险值最高的均为嘉陵西湾水厂断面,最低的除幼儿时期外均为南河南河水厂断面;4个不同时期人群中致癌物(Cd、As、Cr)引起的总致癌风险大小4个断面几乎相等。进一步分析得出饮用水途径所致健康风险中致癌风险最高的是幼儿时期,其次是成年人、青少年和老年人。

In order to carry out a preliminary assessment of the health risk of different types of water sources in Guangyuan City in 2012~2014,an environmental health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA)was used to investigate and analyze the toxic and harmful substances of heavy metals in urban drinking water sources in Guangyuan City.The results showed that the average concentration range of 9 heavy metals in the section of Nanhe Dongba Waterworks,the section of Jialing City North Waterworks,the section of Nanhe Waterworks and the section of Jialing Xiwan Waterworks can reach the national environmental quality standard of surface water and groundwater;In the study area,the highest total health risk values caused by non-carcinogenic heavy metals(Fe,Mn,Zn,Hg,Pb,Cu)in the population at four different periods(young children,adolescents,adults and the elderly)were all in the Bay Waterworks,and the lowest were in the Nanhe River works section except for early childhood;The total risk of cancer caused by carcinogens(Cd,As and Cr)in the four groups at different stages was almost the same.Further studies have shown that the highest risk of cancer among the health risks of drinking water is in early childhood,followed by adults,adolescents and the elderly.