阐释学和语用学视角下的花园

Hermeneutics and Pragmatics of the Garden

此文阐述花园意象是欧洲传统的重要部分。关键思想是揭示这一概念的变化,从花园的意义到文学中石化的主题和风格问题,再到花园作为思考世界和文化的可变方式。由此,花园成为艺术表达的普遍方式,成为社会和主体意识的问题。作者聚焦启蒙运动、浪漫主义和现代时期,试图发现欧洲美学和社会观念变迁过程中的决定性时刻,它们影响了当下文化中花园的意义。作者的论点一方面是花园的概念建立于文化对立之上:“花园一自然”与“城市一自然”。在作者看来,这些对立如今更多地以石化常识而存在。另一方面,由于城市和花园概念之间的动态替换,文学展示了这些对立的影响如何在话语中被消除。这一意义的运作揭示了作为跨文化比较问题的花园更深层、更普遍的特征。在这类语境中,花园成为演讲和塑造人类学的空间和场所。文章特别提及了海德格尔和伽达默尔的阐释学,福柯的异托邦,以及弗里德里希•席勒和乔纳森•卡勒的现代抒情诗理论。该文是以波兰语出版的《隐藏的花园,缺席的空间:当代文学与文化隐喻》(2012)的一部分。

The article shows the garden as an important part of European tradition.Thc crucial idca is to show the changes of this notion fromthe meaning of the garden as the problem of petrified motif and stylein literature to the garden as a changeable way of thinking about worldand culture.With this approach the garden becomes an universal wayof artistic expression and a problem of social and subjective conscious-ness.The author focuses on the periods such as Enlightenment,Romanticism and Modernity trying to find decisive points thatoriginated the process of changes in European esthetics and social pointof view that influenced the meaning of the garden in present dayculture.Thus,one of the author's thesis is the notion thereof wasfounded on the culure oppositions:garden-nature and city-nature.Tothe author's mind these oppositions exist now more rather as petrifiedcommon scnse.On the other hand,literature shows how this impactof oppositions is removed in the discourse as the dynamic process ofreplacement between idea of city and garden.This work of meaningreveals deeper and more universal aspects of the garden astranscultural problem of comparison.In this context the gardenbecomes the issue of lecturing and shaping the anthropological space and place.The article refers,inter alia,to the theoretical aspects ofhermeneutics by Martin Heidegger,Hans Georg Gadamer,MichelFoucault's heterotopia and theory of modern lyric poctry(FriedrichSchiller and Jonathan Culler).The article is a part of the book published in Polish:Ukryteogrody,nieobecne przestrzenie.Literackie I kulturowe meta foryuspotczesnosci[Hidden Gardens,Absent Spaces:Literary and CultureMeta phors of the Present Day].Krakow:Universitas,2012.