长江流域性洪水辨识与特征对比分析

Identification and characteristic comparison analysis of basin-wide flood in Yangtze River Basin

新中国成立以来,长江流域发生了1954,1998年及2020年共3次典型流域性洪水。从气候、大气环流、主雨带位置、暴雨走向、强降雨集中时间及累积雨量等气象因子或要素入手,统计分析了长江流域性洪水的发生背景及暴雨特征,提出其所具有的共性;并从洪峰、洪量、洪水频率等水文要素统计分析了流域性洪水的特征,揭示暴雨洪水发展规律,提出流域性洪水量化指标。相关结论可为今后开展相似洪水分析及流域性洪水辨识提供参考。

Since the founding of the people's Republic of China,three typical basin-wide floods occurred in the Yangtze River Basin in 1954,1998 and 2020.Occurrence background and rainstorm characteristics of basin-wide flood were statistically analyzed from the meteorological factors,such as climate,atmospheric circulation,location of main rain belt,rainstorm trend,concentration time of heavy rainfall,accumulated rainfall and so on.Also,commonness of basin-wide flood was put forward.In addition,the characteristics of basin-wide flood were statistically analyzed from the aspects of flood peak,flood volume,flood frequency and other hydrological factors.Development laws of rainstorm and flood were also revealed.Quantitative indices of basin-wide flood were put forward,which can provide reference for similar flood analysis and basin-wide identification in the future.