呼唤哲学:从“哲学的贫困”看我国科技发展的瓶颈

A Plea for Philosophy:The inevitable course for China to break through the bottleneck of science and technology development

随着“卡脖子”问题的凸显,通过提升基础研究突破科技发展瓶颈已经成为共识。然而,“卡脖子”问题映射出的其实是我国科技发展的体系性问题,是科技后进国家向科技强国迈进必须跨越的鸿沟。把问题简单归因于基础研究是不够的,还需要继续深挖其背后更深层次的根源。本文通过历史哲学比较分析的方法,探究了美国处于科技追赶期的纯科学策略,以及我国科学发展的历史根源与哲学线索,认为美国19世纪末亨利•罗兰“呼唤”的“纯科学”是具有丰厚哲学内涵的基础科学,而我国当前的基础研究则存在严重的“哲学的贫困”。本文提出我国要突破科技发展的“卡脖子”瓶颈、实现向科技强国的跃进,不仅需要基础研究这个“面包”,更需要哲学这个“制作面包的方法和文化”,不仅要“呼唤纯科学”,更要“呼唤哲学”。

Basic research has been widely accepted as the rooted way to break through the science and technology bottleneck in China,However,the current"bottleneck"fundamentally reflects the systematic problem of China's science and technology development,and signifies the giant gap that must be bridged to leap forward to world power of science and technology,which cannot simply be attributed to basic research.By historical and philosophical comparison,this paper explored the "pure science"strategy of the United States just before its leapfrog into world power of science and technology in the end of the 19th century,as well as the historical roots and philosophical clues of China's science and technology development.It is proposed that Henry Rowland's plea for"pure science"should be basic science infiltrated with philosophical connotation.In contrast,the basic research in China has always been suffered from"philosophy poverty".Finally,it is suggested that in order to break through the science and technology"bottleneck",we need not only the"cake"(basic research),but also"the method and culture to make the cake"(philosophy),and thus,we should not only make a plea for pure science,but also a plea for philosophy.