用于小分子生产的人工合成微生物菌群研究进展

Synthetic microbial consortium for small molecule production

随着合成微生物学迅猛发展,微生物菌群的研究已从单一微生物扩展到多个微生物构成的共生体系。在共生体系中,各个微生物通过代谢作用保持着偏利共生、竞争、互利等的关系。目前,通过对微生物菌群的构建、基础理论、应用案例等深入探讨后发现,与培养单一菌株相比,利用合成微生物菌群将底物转化为产物具有产率高、成本低及原料要求低等优点。但合成微生物菌群的基础构成原理、群落中微生物群体之间的相互关系、物质与信息的交换原理及应用基础等问题仍需要进一步阐明。本文中,笔者综述微生物菌群在产品可及性方面取得的进展、群落中微生物群体之间的相互关系以及微生物群体生产应用需要解决的问题,为现实生活中应用这些微生物群体提供一些参考。

With the rapid development of synthetic microbiology,the microbial consortium has expanded from a single microorganism to a symbiotic system composed of multiple microorganisms.Each microorganism in the symbiotic system maintains the relationship of commensalism,competition or mutualism with other microorganism through metabolism.At present,for the construction of microbial consortia,basic theory and application cases have been widely studied.Compared to cultivating a single strain,the use of synthetic microbiota to convert substrates to products has the advantages of high yield,low cost,and low raw material requirements.However,the basic principles of synthetic microbial consortium,the interrelationship between microbial communities,the principle of the exchange of substances and information need be studied further.Here,we review the relationship among microbial populations in a consortium,and the problems that need to be solved in the production and application of a desired microbial consortium,to provide references for the application of these microbial consortium.