金丝桃属植物的民族植物学调查和本草考证

Ethnobotanical Study and Verification on Hypericum

金丝桃属植物是一类重要的药用植物,在国内外民间和临床广泛应用,主要有抗抑郁、清热解毒、收敛止血、外伤出血、抗菌消炎、保肝等功效。该研究对贵州黔东南地区的金丝桃属植物进行了民族植物学调查,获得了不同民族对8种金丝桃属植物的使用信息和功能用途,该属植物主要价值是药用,其次是观赏和食用价值。该属植物在贵州中南部地区资源量较大,多分布于山坡、灌丛、沟边,但受人类活动干扰较大,需要加强植物资源的保护工作。根据调查中的启示,选择"翘根""元宝草""金丝桃"进行本草考证。经考证发现翘根并非木犀科植物连翘之根,而是金丝桃属植物之根。元宝草形态特征明显,古代本草记载基本为金丝桃属植物元宝草Hypericum sampsonii Hance。金丝桃属植物株型优美,雄蕊金黄,在明代就做为观赏植物,但是在清代金丝桃与桃金娘混淆。该属植物具有较大的观赏和药用价值,应加强管理药材采收,确保该属植物的可持续利用。

As a great important medicinal plant genus, Hypericum is widely used in antidepression, detoxification, hemostasis, antibacterial, and hepatoprotection in folk and clinic treatment. By ethnobotanical study on Hypericum in the Southeast Guizhou, the traditional medicinal knowledge of 8 Hypericum species was collected. Hypericum has medicinal, edible and ornamental values. Based on our investigations, there were a large amount of resources in Southeast Guizhou, mainly distributed on hillsides, shrub lands, and ditches. However, most Hypericum habitats are affected by human activities. The cultivation and conservation are required. Based on investigations, verification on " Qiao-Geng", "Yuan-Bao-Cao", "Jin-Si-Tao" were conducted. The "Qiao-Geng" was not the root of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.) Vahl, but the roots of Hypericum. The morphology of Hypericum sampsonii Hance is special and distinct from other Hypericum species. "Yuan-Bao-Cao" in ancient Chinese medicinal and botanical books referred to Hypericum sampsonii Hance. In Qing Dynasty, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa(Ait.) Hassk.(Myrtaceae) was regard as Hypericum monogynum L. by mistake. The morphology of Hypericum monogynum L. is graceful, with golden stamen, which has been used as ornamental plant since Ming Dynasty. With great ornamental and medicinal value the local government should take measure to sustainable use of Hypericum.