论《白鹿原》与《山本》的历史叙事策略

The Historical Narrative Strategy in the Novels of Plain of White Deer and Qin Ling

《山本》的叙事策略是历史的日常生活化,其目的在于重构和还原,重构此前神化了的英雄,还原于日常生活中的肉身。贾平凹不将历史刻板化和神秘化,而是植入日常生活之中,既有历史信息,也弥漫了日常生活气息。《山本》是在日常生活参照下对历史的展示和解释。女性身份表征了日常生活世界,也在日常生活表达中审视和反思了历史。《白鹿原》试图清理本土化历史的来龙去脉,以原发性而非植入性的路径来追溯历史的起源,考察它的因缘际会及在转折时期的应变和调适,测试其本性和弹性。作为文化意义上的反拨,《白鹿原》是对改革(传统)和开放(世界)两个维度的呼应。《山本》则关注了现实和历史“相遇”,或者说是日常生活如何透视与诠释革命历史的问题。

The narrative strategy of the novels of Qin Ling(Shan Ben)is narrating history in the style of everyday life,aiming to reshape the images of deified heroes and return them to everyday life.Instead of stereotyping and mystifying history,Jia Pingwa puts history in everyday life,making the novel full of both historical elements and everyday life.In Qing Ling,history is displayed and interpreted by reference to everyday life.The identity of female represents the world of everyday life,and history is examined and reflected in everyday life.In Plain of White Deer,Chen Zhongshi tries to clear up the local history and trace back to the origin of history by the way of primary rather than implanting.It also examines its causes and adaptations in the transitional period and tests its nature and elasticity.In the cultural sense,Plain of White Deer answers the two dimensions of reforming(tradition)and opening(world),while Qin Ling focuses on the"encounter"between reality and history,or how to examine and interpret revolutionary history in everyday life.