高校劳动教育的发展历程、基本经验与进路选择

The Development History, Fundamental Experience and Path Selection of Tertiary Labor Education

新中国成立以来,高校劳动教育主要经历了曲折探索期、恢复发展期、实践融合期和全面育人期等四个发展阶段,其反映出高校劳动教育的发展路径与基本规律,其中主要形成了"一条主线""两个结合""三维目标""四条主途径"等重要基本经验。高校劳动教育在发展过程中的外在服务性目的较为明显,但对劳动教育本身内驱力及内在发展性的思考不足;生产劳动融于社会实践课的过程中出现了去中心化的问题;呈现出"劳动"短板与"断档"局面。对此,新时代高校劳动教育应在继承创新中注意劳动教育内驱力的思考,挖掘符合时代与自身发展规律的内部核心素养,将理论教育与实践教育相结合,并以生产实践为归旨,建设完善高校劳动教育体系,进而与其他学科协同建成德智体美劳全面培养的教育体系,真正发挥出劳动教育的全面育人功能。

Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, the labor education in universities has mainly experienced four periods, that is, the period of the tortuous exploration, of the recovery development, of the practice integration, and of the comprehensive education, which reflect the development path and basic laws of college labor education. Among them, some important basic experiences like "one main line", "two combinations","three-dimensional goals" and "four main approaches" have been formed. In the course of developing labor education in universities, its aim of the external service is relatively obvious, but the consideration of the internal driving force and internal development of labor education itself are not enough;and in the process of integrating productive labor into social practice courses, there is also the problem of decentralization, which then presents a situation of "labor" shortcomings and "disruption". Therefore,in the new era, labor education in universities should do the followings, i.e. pay attention to the internal driving force of labor education in the inheritance and innovation, explore the internal core literacy that meets the laws of the times and its own development, combine theoretical education with practical education, focus on production practice, build a complete labor education system in universities, and then cooperate with other disciplines to build an education system for comprehensive cultivation of morality, intelligence, physical education, art and labor, and finally and truly give full play to the comprehensive education function of labor education.