前卫与保守:拉斐尔前派女画家的双重意识投射

Avant-garde and Conservative:The Double Projection of Consciousness of the Pre-Raphaelite Female Painters

拉斐尔前派女画家是19世纪中叶后自我意识觉醒的中产阶级时代女性。50年代,第一代女画家在社会意识形态与拉斐尔前派圈子双重性别差异下艰难成长起来。六七十年代,活跃于艺术市场的第二代女画家,在女性形象物化的都市化背景中,通过对流行的罗塞蒂艺术样式的模仿与突破,在职业化的道路上继续行进。80年代后,接受学院专业教育的职业女画家,在现代艺术运动的过渡时期,通过对拉斐尔前派风格主动取舍,体现出中产阶级女性在世纪转型时期的思想特点。本文旨在通过分析拉斐尔前派女画家艺术职业化推进的过程及特点,窥探维多利亚时代中后期英国社会思想文化的变化,女性介入公共领域的策略及时代特征在艺术中的反映。

Pre-Raphaelite female painters refer to middle-class women who have awakened their self-consciousness after the mid-19th century.In the 1850s,the first generation of female painters struggled to grow up under the double gender difference between social ideology and the pre-Raphaelite circle.In the 1860s and 1870s,the second generation of female painters were active in the art market.With the materialization of female images in the urbanization background,they continued to advance on the road of professionalism by imitating and breaking through the popular Rossetti art style.After the 1880s,professional female painters who received specialized education in the academies,during the transitional period of the modern art movement,adopted the pre-Raphaelite style actively to reflect the ideological characteristics of middle-class women in the transitional period of the century.By analyzing the process and characteristics of the professionalization of pre-Raphaelite female painters,this paper aims to explore the reflection of women's intervention in the public realm and the characteristics of the times in the art with the changes in British social ideology and culture in the mid and late Victorian era.