自然保护区效益评价——以大理苍山洱海自然保护区为例

Benefit Evaluation of Nature Reserves——Take Dali Cangshan Erhai Nature Reserve as an Example

自然保护区在保护生物多样性、保护自然遗迹与景观等方面具有重要意义,开展自然保护区综合评价研究对提升自然保护区效益、实现可持续发展具有重要指导作用[1]。以大理苍山洱海自然保护区为例,在苍山保护工程项目建设完成后,对其产生的生态、社会和经济三大效益进行评价。主要研究结果有:(1)苍山保护工程同时给当地带来了生态效益、社会效益以及经济效益;(2)大理苍山洱海自然保护区工程能够有效保持生物多样性,提高森林涵养水源、固土保肥的能力,同时增加了当地的森林覆盖率;(3)大理苍山洱海自然保护区工程有利于周边社区的经济发展、提高公众环保意识,为科研教学提供理想场所,提高了大理的知名度,促进旅游业的发展;(4)苍山动植物资源非常丰富,非木材林副产品食品业、花卉业等发展快速,有可观的经济效益。

Nature reserves play an important role in protecting biodiversity,natural heritage and landscape.Carrying out comprehensive evaluation research on nature reserves has an important guiding role in improving their benefits and achieving sustainable development.Taking Erhai Nature Reserve of Dali Cangshan as an example,the ecological,social and economic benefits were evaluated after the completion of the project.The main results are as follows:(1)The Cangshan Conservation Project has brought three major benefits to the local area;(2)This project can effectively maintain biodiversity,improve the ability of forests to conserve water,fix soil and maintain fertilizer,and increase forest coverage;(3)It is conducive to the economic development of the surrounding communities,improves the public awareness of environmental protection,provides suitable places for scientific research and teaching,improves the popularity,and promotes the development of tourism;(4)Cangshan is very rich in animal and plant resources,and the non-timber forest by-product industry and flower industry have developed rapidly and have considerable economic benefits.