中国国家博物馆藏唐代独孤思敬及夫人墓志考辨

Research on the Tang Epitaph of Dugu Sijing and His Wife in National Museum of China

现藏中国国家博物馆唐代独孤思敬及夫人元氏墓志,详细记载了这位唐代中级官员的生平、世系、宦游经历及婚姻状况。独孤思敬是独孤永业一支的后裔,家族恩荫及层层关系不仅为其提供了入仕门路,也对其官职调遣产生了重要影响。思敬经历了6次迁转后,官至定王府掾,散阶从五品,思敬几乎一直都在任上,没有经过长期待选,反映了守选制度由萌芽到成熟过程中产生的混乱现象。其元配洛阳元氏、继室弘农杨氏,皆为世家大族,反映了当时普遍重视门第出身的观念。独孤氏家族入唐后经历了由武到文的转变,思敬也是这一转变中的一环,从仕宦中由武官向文官转变、家族联姻中重视与传统士族的结合,可见此时已经开始了家族转型,到独孤及时期独孤氏彻底转向文学之家,这种转型是几代人努力的结果。这正反映了唐代处于传统贵族政治向精英政治过渡的时代特点。

The epitaphs of Dugu Sijing and his wife née Yuan collected in National Museum of China record his life story,lineage,official career and marriage.As the descendant of Dugu Yongye,Dugu Sijing was a mid-ranking Tang official.The ancestral distinguished service and the family social connections not only provided him a pull to enter the official career,but also had an important influence on his post transfers and promotions.After six transfers of government posts,Sijing was finally appointed the secretary of the imperial prince Ding,it was a government official at fifth-rank of lower-class.Sijing didn’t waiting for a post for a long time and he was nearly in office all the time,which reflected the disorder in the development process of the election system from the rudimentary stage to mature period.Sijing’s first and second wife separately came from the Yuan clans in Luo Yang and the Yang clans in Hong Nong and both were the influential and privileged families.It reflected the general emphasis on birth of family background at that time.In the Tang dynasty,both the Dugu clan and Sijing himself had experienced the change from the military type to literary type.Because of the changing of Sijing’s posts from the military officer to civil official and the connections with traditional intellectual aristocracy through marriages,it’s believed that the family transition had started in the period of Dugu Sijing.Due to the increased efforts for several generations,the Dugu clan had thoroughly become a literature family in the period of Dugu Ji.