河湖底泥污染物及其原位修复技术的研究进展

River and Lake Sediment Pollutants and Research Progress of their In-situ Remediation Technology

底泥污染是河流湖泊水体污染的重要来源,会对水环境产生严重破坏。该文介绍了重金属、营养盐及有机难降解污染物3种底泥污染物类型,结合国内外的实际工程案例,重点综述了底泥原位覆盖技术、投加氧化还原剂和化学钝化剂、生物强化及促生技术、沉积物微生物燃料电池技术(SMFC)及植物修复技术等原位物理、化学及生物处理方法修复不同污染物的原理及应用,并分析了不同底泥原位修复技术的优点与存在的问题。针对目前单一修复技术存在的不足,提出以生物修复为主体的多种技术联合修复的生态治理方向及应用SMFC修复的未来发展方向,以期为河湖底泥污染的治理提供借鉴与参考。

Sediment pollution is an important source of water pollution in rivers and lakes,causing serious damage to the water environment.This article expounds three types of sediment pollutants:heavy metals,nutrients,and organic refractory pollutants.Combined with domestic and overseas practical engineering cases,the principles and applications of in-situ physical,chemical and biological treatment methods including in-situ cover technology,dosing of redox agents and deactivator,bio-augmentation and bio-promoting technology,sediment microbial fuel cell technology(SMFC)and phytoremediation technology are reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of different in-situ remediation technology of sediments are analyzed.Aiming at the problems of the current single remediation technology,the ecological governance direction of the combined restoration of multiple technologies based on bioremediation and SMFC restoration is proposed,in order to provide reference and reference for the treatment of river and lake sediment pollution.