运动员个人数据处理中“同意”原则适用的检视

Review of Application of Principle of“Consent”in Processing of Personal Data of Athletes

“同意”原则是个人数据处理的基本规则,体现在各国数据保护立法和国际性文件中,也被国际体育组织所遵循,背后体现数据自决而非他决的理念。但是运动员特殊的身份属性导致其难以控制和支配个人数据,在与体育组织博弈中的非平等协商地位也导致其难以就数据处理作出自由有效的同意,同时“同意”原则一定程度上也阻碍体育大数据等新兴产业的发展。运动员的数据保护需要突破传统“同意”模式,构建数据处理中“同意”原则的否弃机制,引入平衡测试和数据访问权、被遗忘权,使数据处理者的行为规范更具合理性。

The principle of consent is a fundamental rule of personal data processing,embodied in national data protection legislation and international documents,as well as followed by international sports organizations,displaying the concept of data self-determination rather than other decisions.The athlete’s special identity attributes make it difficult to control personal data,the non-equal consultation status in the game with sports organizations also makes it difficult to make free and effective consent on data processing,while the“consent”principle also hinders the development of sports big data and other emerging industries to some extent.Athlete data protection needs to break through the traditional“consent”model,build a mechanism to reject the principle of“consent”in data processing,introduce a balance test and the right to access data,the right to be forgotten,and strengthen the behavioral norms of data processors to be more reasonable.