新中国成立以来我国搏击运动员管理制度的演变、困境与优化

Evolution,Dilemma and Optimization of Chinese Fighter Management System of since the Founding of P.R.C

在贯彻国务院指导意见、全面推进体育治理能力现代化、实施体育强国战略的背景下,运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法,回溯、阐释、探讨了我国搏击运动员管理制度的演进历程、现实困境、优化路径。我国搏击运动员管理制度的发展分为借鉴与初创(1950-1979年)、及时制定与针对补充(1980-1992年)、逐步细化与亟待完善(1993年至今)三个阶段,经历了“空白援引-初具雏形-具体有形-全面深入”的演变过程。运动员违规行为难以监管、身体难以保护、利益难以保障是我国搏击运动员管理制度的现实困境。在考察美国经验的基础上,提出建立搏击运动员数据库、法定出场费的标准、合理制定身体状况评价指标体系和科学评估检测结果等措施来实现我国搏击运动员管理制度的优化。

Under the background of implementing the guidance of the State Council,of comprehensively promoting the modernization of sports governance,and of building China into a sports power,the evolution,dilemma,and optimization of the Chinese fighter management system were studied through literature review and expert interview.The management system had gone through three historical periods:initial stage(1950-1979),timely formulation and supplementary stage(1980-1992),gradual refinement and urgent improvement stage(1993-present).The management system started from zero and developed into comprehensive and complete one.The dilemmas included difficulty to supervise athletes violating regulations,protection of their bodies and interests.Based on the experience and practices of management system of the United States,it was proposed that a database of fighters should be built,attendance fees should be regulated,reasonable physical condition evaluation index system and scientific evaluation of the test resultsshould be built.