居家老年人跌倒效能影响因素分析

Influencing factors of falls efficacy in home-living elderly

目的调查居家老年人跌倒效能的现状及影响因素,为制订跌倒干预措施提供依据。方法便利抽样法抽取2019年1-12月在我院防跌倒多学科联合门诊就诊的老年人178例,采用修订版跌倒效能量表、中文版跌倒风险自评量表、计时起立-行走测试、30 s椅子坐立测试、四阶段平衡测试进行评价,并分析跌倒效能的影响因素。结果居家老年人跌倒效能总分平均值为(102.57±29.361)分,得分最低的两个条目是“淋浴”和“上下楼梯”,分别为(6.85±2.54)分和(6.30±2.67)分。年龄(B=-0.238,P=0.003)、文化程度(B=-0.168,P=0.022)、30 s椅子坐立测试结果(B=-0.208,P=0.010)是影响老年人跌倒效能的主要因素。结论居家老年人跌倒效能呈中等水平,年龄越大、文化程度越高、平衡肌力越弱的老年人,跌倒效能越低,跌倒风险越高。

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of falls efficacy in home-living elder,and provide evidence for interventions on fall prevention.Methods From January to December in 2019,178 patients admitted to multidisciplinary outpatient clinic for fall prevention were studied and their demographic data were collected.Evaluations including Modified Fall Effectiveness Scale(MFSE),Self-rated Fall Risk Questionnaire in Chinese Version,Timed Up&Go test(TUGT),30-second chair stand and 4-Stage Balance were administered,and influencing factors of fall efficacy were analyzed.Results The average score of MFSE was(102.57±29.361).The two items with lowest score were'bath alone'and'up and down stairs alone',which scored(6.85±2.54)and(6.30±2.67)in average,respectively.The main influencing factors of fall efficacy were age(B=-0.238,P=0.003),educational level(B=-0.168,P=0.022),and 30-second chair stand result(B=-0.208,P=0.010).Conclusion The level of falls efficacy in home-living elderly in this study is medium.The elderly with higher age,higher education level,weaker balance muscle strength are prone to have lower fall efficacy and higher risk of fall.