我国水利水电工程施工节水现状分析及对策研究

Analysis of current water saving status of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction in China and countermeasures

节水是解决我国水资源短缺问题和落实国家水安全战略的重要举措。因耗水量、废污水排放量大,水利水电工程施工是我国节水工作开展、节水行动方案落实的重点关注领域。以国内外节水研究成果为基础,梳理水利水电工程施工用水节水现状,分析了水资源循环利用效率不高、施工节水工艺落后、用水定额和用水管理落实不强等问题,研究提出了制定施工期用水节水规划和制度、实行施工用水定额管理和用水计量、优化施工工艺和施工方式、加强废污水循环利用等施工期节水对策建议。研究成果对于优化施工布置和施工工艺,保护生态环境,推动落实节水优先治水方针和国家节水行动方案具有参考价值。

Water saving is an important measure to solve water shortage problem in China and to implement the na⁃tional water security strategy.Due to the large amount of water consumption,waste and sewage discharge,the con⁃struction of water conservancy and hydropower projects should be the key area concerning the implementation of wa⁃ter-saving work and water-saving action plans in China.Based on the research of water conservation at home and abroad,the status quo of water saving in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects is sorted out.The existing problems of low water recycling efficiency,backward construction water saving technology,poor water quota and water management implementation,etc.are analyzed.The water-saving measures such as formulat⁃ing water-saving plans and systems for the construction,implementing construction water quota management and water metering,optimizing construction techniques and construction methods and strengthening waste and sewage recycling.The research results can be referrences for improving construction layout and technique,protecting ecolo⁃gy and environment,prioritizing water saving and implementing water saving plan national wide.