环状RNA及其在猪上的研究进展

Circular RNA and its research progress in pig

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一类非线性的内源性非编码RNA,经反向剪接形成,无5′端帽子结构和3′端多聚腺苷酸尾巴结构,但在生物体中能稳定存在.近年来,随着高通量测序技术的快速发展及生物信息学方法的不断创新,在诸多物种的细胞中找到了大量的内源性circRNA,某些内源性circRNA还表现出物种间保守性、阶段特异性和组织特异性的特点.越来越多的研究证实,circRNA在生物体的各种生物学过程中有着非常重要的调控功能.本文综述了circRNA的发现、生成、分类、特征、功能和其在猪上的研究进展,并提出开展circRNA对猪重要经济性状的调控作用及分子机制研究的展望,以期为今后从circRNA层面为猪的遗传改良提供参考.

Circular RNA(circRNA)is a kind of non-linear endogenous and non-coding RNA,which is formed by reverse splicing.It has no 5′cap structure and 3′polyadenylate tail structure.However,it can stably exist in many organisms.Recently,with the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology and the continuous updating of bioinformatics methods,a large amount of endogenous circRNA have been found in cells of many species.Some endogenous circRNA display species conservation,stage specificity and tissue specificity.Many studies have proved that circRNA play important regulatory roles in different biological processes of organisms.In this paper,the discovery,generation,classification,characteristics,function of circRNA and its research progress in pigs are reviewed.The regulation mechanism of circRNA to important economic traits in pigs and the prospect of molecular mechanism research are also reviewed,which is aim to provide fundamental information for genetic improvement of pigs from the perspective of circRNA.