渗灌对玉米生长指标及产量的影响

Effect of subsurface irrigation on growth index and yield of maize

【目的】探究基于渗灌的玉米生长指标和产量及高效渗灌制度效应.【方法】使用正交试验设计,针对渗灌玉米不铺地膜采用播种深度、渗灌埋深、灌水定额、灌水次数4因素,另设常规膜下滴灌(CK)对照,利用直观分析法(极差分析法)对正交试验及膜下滴灌进行对比.【结果】2种灌溉方式下玉米生育指标差异较小,玉米株高及叶绿素含量在生育前期与中期CK高于渗灌,后期两者生育指标接近;叶面积指数在全生育期CK略高于渗灌.渗灌各处理玉米产量均高于CK,渗灌玉米平均产量比CK增产12.7%.灌溉定额为4200 m^3/hm^2时,比CK节水300 m^3/hm^2,比CK增产17.7%.【结论】对正交试验各因素结果进行分析,四种试验因素对产量影响的主次顺序为播种深度>灌水次数>渗灌埋深>灌水定额;获得较优方案为播种深度20 cm,渗灌埋深30 cm,灌水定额600 m^3/hm^2,灌水次数为7次,此组合比膜下滴灌节水增产节能降耗环保.通过正交试验可以得到的试验因素较优水平组合,但需结合生产实践进行参数优化.

【Objective】So exploring the effect of the growth index,yield and the high efficiency irrigation system of maize based on subsurface irrigation.【Method】This experiment uses orthogonal design.For the subsurface irrigation of maize without film,the four factors of sowing depth,depth of subsurface emitter,irrigation quota,and irrigation frequency are used,the conventional drip irrigation under the film(CK)was set as a control.Comparison of orthogonal experiment and drip irrigation under film by visual analysis method(range analysis method).【Result】Experimental analysis shows that the difference in maize growth index between the two irrigation methods is small.The plant height and chlorophyll content of CK are higher than that of subsurface irrigation in the early and middle growth stages.In the latter stage,the fertility indicators were close to each other.The leaf area index of CK was slightly higher than that of subsurface irrigation in the whole growth period.The yield of maize under subsurface irrigation was higher than that of CK,and the average yield of subsurface irrigation increased by 12.7%compared with CK.When the irrigation quota is 4200 m^3/hm^2,it saves 300 m^3/hm^2 than CK,the yield was increased by 17.7%compared with CK.【Conclusion】The results of various factors in the orthogonal test were analyzed.The order of the four test factors on the yield was the sowing depth>irrigation frequency>depth of subsurface emitter>the irrigation quota;the better solution was the sowing depth of 20 cm and the subsurface emitter of 30 cm.The irrigation quota is 600 m^3/hm^2 and the number of irrigation is 7 times.This combination is energy-saving,environmentally friendly and Increase production than drip irrigation under the film.The orthogonal test can get a better combination of influencing factors,but it needs to be optimized in combination with production practices.