滴灌条件下氮磷钾肥配施对玉米株高、光合速率及产量的影响

Effects of combined application of nitrogen,phosphate and potash fertilizers on plant height,photosynthetic rate and yield of corn under drip irrigation

【目的】通过研究相同灌水量条件下不同氮、磷、钾肥施用量对玉米株高、光合速率以及产量的影响,优化施肥方案,为宁夏引黄灌区玉米滴灌生产提供科学依据.【方法】试验运用二次通用旋转组合设计,设置5个氮、磷、钾施肥水平(氮:360、287、180、73、0 kg/hm^2;磷:180、144、90、36、0 kg/hm^2;钾:300、239、150、61、0 kg/hm^2),组成20个处理,通过田间试验研究施肥量对玉米株高、光合速率以及产量的影响.【结果】不同施肥量引起株高、光合速率以及产量显著差异,360 kg/hm^2氮肥配施90、150 kg/hm^2磷、钾肥,玉米株高和光合速率达到最大值3.5 m、37.1μmol/(m^2·s).当磷、钾肥施用量相同时,氮肥由0增加到360 kg/hm^2,株高增长23%;同样,当氮、磷肥施用量相同时,磷肥由0增加到180 kg/hm^2,株高增长16%;钾肥由0增加到300 kg/hm^2,株高增长19%.玉米产量随施肥量的变化呈抛物线性变化,氮、磷、钾肥分别施用180、90、150 kg/hm^2时,玉米产量达到最大16985 kg/hm^2.肥料单因素分析结果发现,施氮肥与不施氮肥相比增产85%,施磷肥与不施磷肥相比增产79%,施钾肥与不施钾肥相比增产39%.【结论】肥料对玉米株高的影响顺序是氮>钾>磷,对产量影响顺序是氮>磷>钾.氮、磷、钾三因素耦合施用增产效果最佳.以产量为目标建立回归方程,可计算出宁夏引黄灌区在灌水量为2700 m^3/hm^2条件下,最适宜的肥料配施量为氮肥287 kg/hm^2、磷肥144 kg/hm^2、钾肥300 kg/hm^2,玉米获得最高产量17598.45 kg/hm^2.

【Objective】To optimize the fertilization scheme by studying the effects of different application amounts of N,P and K fertilizers on the plant height,photosynthetic rate and yield of corn under the same irrigation condition in order to provide the scientific basis for the corn production under drip irrigation condition in Ningxia irrigation area.【Method】Five levels of fertilization(N fertilizer:360,287,180,73,0 kg/hm^2;P fertilizer:180,144,90,36,0 kg/hm^2;K fertilizer:300,239,150,61,0 kg/hm^2)were designed as 20 treatments by using the secondary universal rotary combination design to measure the plant height,photosynthetic rate and yield of corn.【Result】The plant height,photosynthetic rate and yield of corn were significantly different among treatments.The plant height and net photosynthetic rate reached the maximum of 3.5 m and 37.1μmol/(m^2·s)under the treatment of N,P and K fertilizers of 360,90 and 150 kg/hm^2.The plant height increased by 23%while the N fertilizer increased from 0 to 360 kg/hm^2 under the same application amount of P and K fertilizers.Similarly,it increased by 16%while the P fertilizer increased from 0 to 180 kg/hm^2 under same application amount of N and P fertilizers.The plant height increased by 19%when K fertilizer increased from 0 to 300 kg/hm^2.The corn yield showed a parabolic linear variation with the fertilization application amount,and it reached the maximum of 169885 kg/hm^2 while the application rates of N,P and K fertilizers were 180,90 and 150 kg/hm^2 respectively.The results of single factor analysis showed that the yield respectively increased by 85%,79%and 39%under N,P and K fertilizers application compared with their controls.【Conclusion】The rank of fertilizer effect on plant height was N>K>P,and it was N>P>K for yield.The coupling application of N,P and K fertilizers showed the best effect on yield.The regression equation was established with the yield as target to calculate the most suitable fertilization combination under 2700 m^3/hm^2 irrigation,and it was 287,144 and 300 kg/hm^2 of N,P and K fertilizers,and the yield reached 17598.45 kg/hm^2.