基于生态位理论的瘤胃微生物发酵调控研究进展

The Regulation of Rumen Fermentation Based on Niche Theory:A Review

生态位理论是生态学的重要基础理论之一,对于阐释物种多样性和种间关系、生物群落结构组成和演变方式有重要意义。反刍动物瘤胃是多种微生物共存的生物发酵系统,在反刍动物营养利用中发挥重要作用,了解瘤胃微生物功能和种间关系是调控瘤胃的基础。本文综述了微生物生态位理论的相关研究,阐释了不同微生物群落中生态位抢占和生态位修饰的具体现象;通过生态位理论分析优先定植的瘤胃微生物对后续微生物定植及其功能的影响、瘤胃微生物的演变过程以及瘤胃微生物的部分官能团类群,发现破坏原有的瘤胃生态位抢占状态或针对性添加修饰瘤胃环境的微生物制剂可能实现瘤胃的高效调控。

The niche theory is one of the important basic theories of ecology.It is of great significance to explain biodiversity and interspecific relationships,the composition and evolution of biological communities.Rumen is a biological fermentation system in which a variety of microorganisms coexist.It plays an important role in nutritional use of ruminants.Regulation of rumen microbial ecosystem is based on understanding rumen microbial function and interspecific relationship.Thus,the objective of this review is to explain the niche preemption and niche modification phenomenon in different microbial ecosystems.With the rumen niche theory,effects of preferentially colonized rumen microorganisms on subsequent microbial colonization and features of functional rumen microorganisms were also analyzed.Based on the theory,breaking the original rumen niche preemptive status,or adding targeted microbial preparations which can modify the rumen environment could be possible efficient methods to regulate rumen ecosystem.