肺泡发育及其相关信号通路

Alveolar development and its related signaling pathways

肺是由分支的气道和血管组成的复杂结构,它们结合在最远端的肺泡进行气体交换。而肺泡则是由鳞状肺泡I型(AT1)细胞和立方状肺泡II型(AT2)细胞组成的气体交换囊,其中AT1细胞的表面标志物是T1α和水通道蛋白5(Aqp5),AT2细胞的表面标志物是SPC+。临床上,肺发育不全是肺疾病中比较常见的一种,其中肺泡发育异常是肺发育不全的最集中表现。始于妊娠晚期的肺泡发育是肺能否发育正常的关键过程。本文介绍了肺发育过程中的各种细胞类型;回顾了肺发育的各个阶段及其异常发育的表现;简述了在肺泡发育过程中Wnt、FGF和RA等信号通路对肺干/祖细胞群分化的影响;重点综述了肺泡发育的过程及肺泡发育相关的Wnt、FGF、Notch和RA信号通路的最新研究进展。

The lung is a complex structure composed of branched airways and blood vessels,which combine in the farthest alveoli for gas exchange.Alveoli are comprised of squamous alveolar type I(AT1)cells and cubic surfactant secreted alveolar type II(AT2)cells.The surface markers of AT1 cells are T1αand aquaporin 5(Aqp5),and the surface markers of AT2 cells are SPC+.Clinically,pulmonary hypoplasia is a common lung disease,in which alveolar dysplasia is the most concentrated manifestation of pulmonary hypoplasia.Therefore,alveolar development which begins in the third trimester of pregnancy is the key process of normal lung development.Various cell types in the process of lung development,the stages of lung development and their manifestations of abnormal development,were introduced.The effects of Wnt,FGF,and RA signaling pathways on the differentiation of lung stem/progenitor cells during alveolar development were described which focus on the process of alveolar development and the latest research progress of Wnt,FGF,Notch,and RA signaling pathways relating to alveolar development.