明清贵州诗文中的黔地黔人书写

Descriptions of Places in Guizhou and Guizhou People in Poems and Proses in Ming and Qing Dynasties

黔地黔人的形象受历史因素影响长期被误读。明清时期黔地或入黔文人的诗文中对黔地、黔人多有书写,其书写的侧重点集中在山地景致、艰苦环境、质朴民众等三个方面。这些诗文中贵州的山展现了奇秀险雄的特征。贵州的山地自然环境不利于经济发展,经济条件落后,生活环境艰苦,贫瘠也成了黔地的真实写照。同时自然及生活环境对人的成长也有重要的影响,“塞天皆石、无地不坡”艰苦环境中的黔人则展现出了质朴纯真的形象。这些诗文有利于消除误读,重新认识黔地黔人形象。

The images of places in Guizhou and Guizhou people have been misunderstood due to historical factors over a long period of time.During Ming and Qing dynasties,places in Guizhou and Guizhou people were often described in poems and proses by literati who lived in or came to Guizhou.The emphasis of their descriptions was on mountainous sceneries,harsh environment and simple people.In these poems and proses,the mountains in Guizhou showed the characteristics of oddness,beautifulness,precipitousness,and magnificence.Guizhou’s natural environment was not conducive to the economic development,the economic conditions were backward,living conditions were harsh,and barrenness was a true portrayal of Guizhou.Meanwhile,the natural environment also had an important impact on the growth of human beings.The Guizhou people in the harsh environment of all slopes have shown a simple and innocent image.These poems and proses were beneficial to removing misunderstandings and rediscovering the images of places in Guizhou and Guizhou people.