不同胶园间作模式比较研究

Comparative Study of Different Intercropping Patterns in Rubber Plantations

为探讨胶园长期间作技术,进行了17年的胶园全周期间作模式试验。选用具有直立型树形特性的橡胶树新品种‘热研72059’,按宽窄行种植形式2 m×(4 m+20 m)建立全周期间作模式胶园,在大行间连续开展多种作物间作试验。结果表明,在开割当年(2009年),全周期间作模式胶园大行间露地面积占胶园总面积的58.3%,可间作林荫地占8.3%;而常规胶园(3 m×7 m)没有露地,其可间作林荫地占胶园总面积的42.9%。至17龄时,全周期间作模式胶园大行间露地仍达胶园总面积33.3%,可间作面积达胶园总面积的66.7%。每年胶园间作产值增幅达146.8%,纯收入增幅达256.6%。与常规胶园比较,全周期间作模式可间作露地面积大,可间作作物种类多,效益高。

An experiment has been conducted for 17 years to investigate a planting pattern of rubber trees for intercropping in the whole economic life span of rubber trees in rubber plantations.The rubber trees of clone CATAS72059 with vertical growth were planted in a pattern of paired rows at the spacing of 2 m between plants by 4 m between rows by 20 m between rows or 2 m×(4 m+20 m).The rubber plantation established in this paired row pattern were intercropped with various crops.The results showed that open and shady land spaces for intercropping accounted for 58.3%and 8.3%of the total area,respectively in the rubber plantation with the paired row planting pattern while there is no open land space but only shady land space,accounting for 42.9%of the total area,in the rubber plantation with the conventional planting pattern(CK,planting spacing 3 m×7 m)in the year of opening for tapping(2009).At the age of 17 years the open land space for intercropping and the total land space for intercropping accounted for 33.3%and 66.7%of the total land area,respectively in the rubber plantation with the paired row planting pattern.The annual output value and net income from intercropping increased by 146.8%and 256.6%,respectively in the rubber plantation with the paired row planting pattern.The paired row planting pattern provided larger open land space,more crops for intercropping and higher efficiency in the rubber plantations than in the conventional planting pattern.