宋代儿童的护养、疾病与服饰

Health Care,Disease and Clothing of Children in Song Dynasty

在宋代,儿科朝着专业化方向发展,出现治疗儿童的私人药铺和幼科医生。大量涌现的儿科著作,专门介绍了小儿初生护养与疾病防治的知识。其中“小儿初生护养”部分,包含新生儿服饰使用方法的内容,涵括襁褓、冷暖、旧衣理论,这些理论对明清甚至今天儿科的发展有着重要贡献。针对儿童遭受的疾病,背裆、袴、青衣、药囊等服饰能够有效地保护儿童的肌体,配合药物辅助治疗。本文从医学角度,结合宋代的医学文献、图像资料,探究儿童服饰对于儿童生命健康的重要作用。

In Song Dynasty,paediatrics developed towards specialization.The private pharmacies and pediatricians treating children’s diseases emerged in succession.A large number of pediatric works had been published,presenting the knowledge of preventing diseases and nursing the new born baby.The part of‘nursing the new born baby’included how to use children’s clothing and the theory of swaddle,changes in temperature and old clothes.These theories had important contribution to the development of paediatrics in the Ming and Qing Dynasty,even today.Children’s clothes,such as vest,open-seat pants,Qingyi(青衣)and medicine bag(囊),could effectively prevent their body against the disease,helping the treatment combined with drug.This paper attempts to combine medical literature and images of the Song Dynasty from a medical point of view,exploring the important role of children's clothing in children's life and health.