量子芯片的研究现状与应用

Research Status and Application of Quantum Chip

随着集成电路工艺的发展,摩尔定律逐渐走向终结,于是科学家们转向量子芯片的研究。目前最有前途的量子芯片分别是超导体系、半导体体系和离子阱体系。超导量子芯片电路设计难度随着比特数增多而增大,目前已实现20个超导量子比特的量子芯片。离子阱量子计算性能优异,但体积庞大,目前IonQ公司已实现13个171Yb+离子组成的离子阱系统11位全连接可编程量子计算机。半导体量子芯片的计算性能不如这两种,但是由于传统半导体工艺现在已基本成熟,只要在实验室里能够实现样品芯片,理论上讲大规模工业生产就不存在问题。目前科学家们认为未来将很快实现10个量子比特的纠缠。量子芯片的研究将带来计算速度的提升、量子通信安全性的实现等优势。文章简要介绍了近年来量子芯片的研究进展以及对未来应用的展望。

With the development of integrated circuit technology,Moore's law is coming to an end,on this condition,scientists tend to qubit chips.At present,the most promising quantum chips are in superconducting system,semiconductor system and trapped ion system.The difficulty of design in superconducting system enhances with the increase of the number of bits,20 qubits now have been realized.The computing performance of trapped ion is excellent:however,it has huge volume.IonQ has presented an 11—qubit fully—connected,programmable quantum computer in a trapped ion system which is composed of 13171Yb+ions.Although the performance of the semiconductor quantum chip is not as good as others,it is completely based on traditional semiconductor technology.As long as scientists can realize the sample chip in laboratory,there will be no problem in its large—scale industrial production.In the future.Scientists now believe that 10 qubit entanglements will soon be possible.The research of quantum chip will bring many advantages,such as the improvement of computing speed and the realization of quantum communication security.This paper reviews research progress recently and suggests prospect of future application.