电子商务平台内经营者反向行为保全研究

Research on Preservation of Operators’Reverse Action in E-Commerce Platform

《电子商务法》中冷静期制度的设置,客观上增加了平台内经营者通过“反通知—恢复”机制维护自身权益的难度,这就进一步放大了恶意投诉给平台内经营者带来的伤害。在这样的情况下,反向行为保全作为一种司法机制,让平台内经营者可以快速维权,对于遏制恶意通知具有重要意义。可以认为,反向行为保全是一种对恶意投诉的重要程序性制衡机制。《最高人民法院关于审理涉电子商务平台知识产权民事案件的指导意见》第9条首次规定电子商务知识产权领域的反向行为保全程序。在程序上,平台内经营者可以提起恶意通知之诉,从而实现由住所地法院管辖之目的。在提出申请时可以直接将通知人作为被申请人,要求责令通知人撤回通知或停止继续通知;也可以将电商平台作为被申请人,责令电商平台立即恢复链接。在申请人具有事实依据,且情况紧急、具有难以弥补的损失,具有胜诉可能性并提供保证金的情况下,法院应裁定采取反向行为保全措施,保障平台内经营者的利益。

The establishment of the waiting period system in the"E-Commerce Law"objectively increases the difficulty for the operators on the platform to protect their rights and interests through the"counter-notification recovery"mechanism,which further amplifies the hurt of malicious complaints to the operators.Under such circumstances,action reverse preservation,as a judicial mechanism,allows operators on the platform to quickly defend their rights,which is of great significance to deter malicious notifications.It can be considered that action reverse preservation is an important procedural check and balance mechanism for malicious complaints.Article 9 of the"Guiding Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on the Trial of Civil Cases Involving Intellectual Property Rights of E-commerce Platforms"stipulates for the action reverse preservation procedures in the field of e-commerce intellectual property rights.In terms of procedures,operators on the platform can fi le a malicious notification lawsuit,so as to achieve the purpose of being under the jurisdiction of the court of their domicile.When submitting an application,you can directly use the notifier as the respondent and request the notifier to withdraw the notification or stop the notification;you can also use the e-commerce platform as the respondent and order the e-commerce platform to immediately restore the link.Under the circumstances that the application has factual basis,the situation is urgent,could occur irreparable losses,the security deposit is provided and has the possibility of the applicant winning the case,the court shall adopt action reverse preservation measures to protect the interests of the operators on the platform.