医疗损害责任的规则创新与司法适用——关于民法典医疗损害责任一章修改规定的解读

Rule innovation and judicial application of medical damage liability--Interpretation of the Amendment of the Chapter of Liability for Medical Damage in Civil Code

相较侵权责任法,民法典侵权责任编在医疗损害责任一章明确了医务人员说明义务的“具体”要求,患者有关情形下的知情同意不再以“书面”同意为要件;增加了“药品上市许可持有人”这一医疗产品责任主体;新增“遗失”病历这一推定医疗机构有过错的情形;在有关条文增加了“在诊疗活动中”的责任构成要求,进一步明确规定保护患者个人信息,同时增加了医疗机构替代责任的属性等内容。在具体法律适用中要准确把握立法内容及精神,做好与相关司法解释的衔接适用。

Compared with Tort Liability Law,the chapter of liability for medical damage of Civil Code specifies the"specific"requirements of medical staff's duty of explanation,and the informed consent of patients in relevant situations is no longer required by"written"consent;the liability subject of medical products is added as"marketing authorization holder";the case of"lost"medical records is added to presume that the medical institutions are at fault in the relevant provisions,the requirements of responsibility composition of"in diagnosis and treatment activities"are added,and the protection of patient's personal information is further specified,and the attribute of medical institution's alternative responsibility is added.In the specific application of law,we should accurately grasp the content and spirit of legislation,and do a good job in the connection and application of relevant judicial interpretation.