人工智能刑事责任主体地位及其分配

Criminal Subject Status and Responsibility Allocation of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能按照其智能等级具有“强弱”之分,但因为在刑法理论上不能实现对强人工智能是否具有辨认能力和控制能力、刑罚适应能力、能否实现刑罚目的等方面的周延解释,因此强人工智能不具有刑事责任主体资格。同时出于人类命运共同体安全生存、发展的考虑,法律也不应赋予强人工智能刑事责任主体地位。针对涉人工智能犯罪行为的刑事责任承担问题,应具体问题具体分析,由设计人员或使用人员承担相应的责任。同时,对强人工智能导致的但无法归责于任何一方的危害后果,可以通过建立某种类型的保险制度作为刑事责任承担的补充,用来赔偿强人工智能造成的损害。

Artificial intelligence can be classified as"strong"or"weak"according to its intelligence level.However,in criminal law theory,it can not be interpreted extensively in terms of whether strong artificial intelligence has the ability of identification and control,the ability of penalty adaptation,and the ability to achieve the purpose of penalty.Therefore,strong artificial intelligence lacks the qualification to be the subject of criminal responsibility.At the same time,for the sake of the safe survival and development of the human destiny community,the law should not give strong artificial intelligence as the subject of criminal responsibility.In view of the criminal responsibility of crimes involving artificial intelligence,specific problems should be analyzed,and the designers or users should bear the corresponding responsibility.At the same time,for the harmful consequences caused by strong AI,which can not be attributed to either party,we can establish a certain type of insurance system as a supplementary measure of criminal liability to compensate the damage caused by strong AI.